2013-2016年广州市白云区狂犬病暴露人群流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of rabies-exposure population in Baiyun district of Guangzhou in 2013-2016

作　　者：杨勤华[1] 叶浩风[1] 陆家海[2] YANG Qin-hua;YE Hao-feng;LU Jia-hai(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Baiyun District in Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510445;Public Health College of Zhongshan University, Guangzhou , Guangdong 510080, China)

机构地区：[1]广州市白云区疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510445 [2]中山大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510080

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2018年第6期826-829,共4页Journal of Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解广州市白云区狂犬病暴露人群的发病情况,为预防和控制本地狂犬病的发生和流行提供科学依据。方法对2013-2016年本区22间医院因动物咬伤后注射狂犬病疫苗的就诊者,采用《广东省狂犬病门诊暴露人群监测报表》登记资料进行分析。结果 45 487例狂犬病暴露人群中,男26 818例(占58.96%),女18 669例(占41.04%),男女比例为1.44∶1。高发年龄为15~44岁,共22 762例(占50.04%)。伤人动物主要为犬类,其中家犬29 569例(占65.01%),其次为宠物犬6 751例(占14.84%)。伤口部位主要为下肢23 068例(占50.71%),其次是上肢17 323例(占38.08%)。Ⅱ级暴露人群最多30 116例(占66.21%),其次为Ⅰ级暴露9 545例(占20.98%)。所有暴露者经正确处理伤口,全程规范接种狂犬疫苗,迄今无人发病。结论防治狂犬病最有效的措施是减少暴露机会,及时规范处理伤口并全程接种狂犬疫苗,同时要加强犬类管理。Objective The study aims to provide scientific basis for the control and prevention of rabies by analyzing the incidence of people exposed to rabies in Baiyun district of Guangzhou.Methods Epidemiological information of people exposed to rabies were collected from the 22 hospitals in Baiyun District of Guangzhou in 2013-2016.Analysis of registration data by ＂Surveillance report of exposed population in Guangdong rabies outpatient clinic＂.Results Among the total 45 487 patients exposed to rabies,26 818 cases were male（accounting for 58.96%）and 18 669 cases were female（accounting for41.04%）.The ratio of male to female was 1.44∶1.Patients within the age groups of 15～44 years old were found to be the high-risk group（22 762 cases,50.04%）.Most of the patients were bitten by family dogs（29 569 cases,65.01%）and pet dogs（6 751 cases,14.84%）.And the wounds were mainly on the lower limbs（23 068 cases,50.71%）and upper limbs（17 323 cases,38.08%）.Most of the exposure was classⅡ（30 116 cases,66.21%）and classⅠ（9 545 cases,20.98%）.All patients were treated with wound-cleaning and vaccinated with rabies vaccine.Further disease development was not found in the patients after vaccination.Conclusion The most effective measure to prevent rabies is to reduce exposure.After the exposure,the wound should be treated in a timely manner and the rabies vaccine should be inoculated in full course.Meanwhile,strengthen dog management.

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露人群 流行病学分析 

分 类 号：S855.3[农业科学—临床兽医学]