2014-2016年西宁市麻疹流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological analysis of measles in Xining City from 2014 to 2016

作　　者：马应秀 王海丽[1] 宋燕[1] MA Yingxiu;WANG Haili;SONG Yan(Xining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qinghai810000 , China)

机构地区：[1]西宁市疾病预防控制中心,青海810000

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2018年第8期804-807,810,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

摘　　要：目的分析2014-2016年西宁市麻疹的流行病学特征,为指导今后麻疹控制工作提供依据。方法应用SPSS20.0软件对2014-2016年西宁市麻疹监测数据进行流行病学特征分析。结果 2014-2016年西宁市共报告麻疹病例1 011例,死亡1例,年平均发病率为14.58/10万。流行强度呈散发和暴发并存模式。其中,2015年发生暴发流行,共涉及病例25例,无死亡病例。医院感染是麻疹暴发流行的重要危险因素。流行季节明显,2~6月为高发季节。男性发病多于女性,比例为1.45∶1,发病年龄主要为小月龄儿童。散居儿童为最主要的受累人群。地区分布区县间发病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=182.7 955,P<0.0 001),县的平均发病率高于区,其中以湟源县最高(38.03/10万)。麻疹病例中流动人口的免疫接种率低于本县区人口,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.1 416,P=0.0 418)。结论西宁市麻疹发病率处于较高水平,消除麻疹仍面临严峻挑战;流行强度不稳定,存在较大比例的易感人群。医院应严格执行麻疹预检分诊制度,预防医院内的感染。建议进一步加强麻疹疫情的监测,重点做好高发地区和高发人群的麻疹常规免疫和查漏补种工作。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in the recent three years in Xining City and provide basis for future measles control. Methods SPSS 20. 0 software was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles surveillance data from 2014 to 2016 in Xining City. Results A total of 1 011 measles cases and 1 death were reported in Xining from 2014 to 2016 with an average annual incidence of 14. 58/100 000. The intensity of the epidemic was in a pattern of co-existence of outbreaks and distributions. Among them,the epidemic occurred in 2015,involving a total of 25 cases,with no deaths. Nosocomial infection was an important risk factor for measles outbreak. The epidemic season is obvious,with high season from February to June. The incidence of males was more than females,with a ratio of 1. 45∶1,and the age of onset was mainly for small-month-old children. Diaspora children are the main affected population. The incidence among countries was statistically different（ χ^2= 182. 7 955,P〈0. 0 001）. The average incidence of the county was higher than that of the district,with the highest incidence of measles in Huangyuan County（ 38. 03/100 000）. The immunization rate of floating population in measles cases was lower than that of the population in this county,with a statistically significant difference（ χ^2= 4. 1 416,P = 0. 0 418）.Conclusion The incidence of measles in Xining was at a high level,and the measles elimination still faces severe challenges. The intensity of epidemic was unstable and a large proportion of susceptible populations exist. Hospitals should strictly implement the measles pre-diagnosis triage system to prevent cross-infection within the hospital. It is recommended that the monitoring of the measles epidemic should be further strengthened,with a focus on routine immunization of measles and reseeding of epidemics in high-incidence areas and high-incidence groups.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学特征 西宁市 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学]