健康促进学校建设政策、环境、服务和需求分析  

Analysis on healthy policy,environment,services and demands for health promoting school establishment

作　　者：严丽萍[1] 安芮莹 卢永[1] 吴敬 唐颖[1] YAN Li-ping;AN Rui-ying;LU Yong;WU Jing;TANG Ying(Chinese Center for Health Education,Beijing 100011, China)

机构地区：[1]中国健康教育中心,北京100011

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2018年第5期414-417,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：2014年中央转移支付地方健康素养促进行动项目

摘　　要：目的分析全国学校健康促进资源和需求,为开展健康促进学校建设提供政策依据。方法采用问卷调查和现场观察相结合的方法,了解学校在健康政策、健康环境、健康服务、健康需求等方面的情况。结果共调查170所中小学校。健康环境方面,学校人均活动场所面积为(17.74±69.47)m^2。卫生设置配置方面,男厕所平均(20.26±20.95)人使用1个便槽,女厕所平均(14.89±14.62)人使用1个便槽。健康政策方面,各学校均有校内禁烟、食品安全、体育活动等规章制度制定。健康服务方面,师生健康工作多数由医务室/保健教师(59.40%)和班主任(27.10%)担任,88.69%的学校每年组织学生体检。健康相关课程设置方面,体育课程为(3.79±8.22)节/周,有31.76%的学校健康教育开课率每月不足或仅1次。在健康需求方面,学校开展的活动以健康教育课(92.35%)、健康主题班会(84.71%)、黑板报墙报(84.71%)为主,希望单独设置健康教育课程(62.35%)并组织健康集体活动(65.29%)。结论健康促进学校建设应针对薄弱环节,进一步改善健康环境、加强健康教育课程质量,加强健康促进学校建设的规范化、科学性和个性化。Objective To analyze the resources and demands for health promoting school establishment and provide evidence and policy suggestion for health promoting school program. Methods A questionnaire survey and on-site observation were used to collect data and analyze the status of health policy, health environment, health services, health demands,and so on in the investigated schools. Results A total of 170 primary and secondary schools were investigated. In terms of health environment, the average activity place of the school was（17. 74 ± 69. 47） m2/person. As of health facilities, an average of（20. 26 ± 20. 95） male used a single toilet bowl, an average of（14. 89 ± 14. 62） female used one toilet bowl. All schools had developed rules and regulations on banning smoking, food safety, sports activities, health education courses, vaccinations and emergency early warning in schools. In health services, health clinic/health teacher（59. 40%） and head teacher（27. 10%） were in charge of health work. 88. 69% of the schools organized student medical exams every year. There were（3. 79±8. 22） class time of physical education curriculum per week, while 31. 76% of schools had less than or only one class time of health education per month. As for health demands, the health education classes（92. 35%）, health class meetings（84. 71%） and blackboard newspapers（ 84. 71%） were the main activities held in schools, and teachers hoped to set up separate health education courses（62. 35%） and organize healthy groups activities（65. 29%）. Conclusion It is suggested that health environment should be further improved to enhance the quality of health education curriculums and hold health activities to meet students＇ needs, etc.

关 键 词：健康促进学校 健康政策 健康环境 健康教育课程 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]