丰容对圈养熊乞食行为的影响  

Preliminary Study on Effect of Enrichment on the Begging Behaviors of Captive Bear

作　　者：刘选珍[1] 鄢平[1] LIU Xuanzhen;YAN Ping(Chengdu Zoo ＆ Chengdu Research Institute of Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, China)

机构地区：[1]成都动物园,成都野生动物研究所,成都610081

出　　处：《经济动物学报》2018年第2期90-94,共5页Journal of Economic Animal

摘　　要：采用目标动物取样法分别于2014年11月11—21日(第1期),2015年5月18日—6月7日(第2期)和2015年5月25日—6月14日(第3期)9:30—17:00对成都动物园饲养的4头成年棕熊(Ursus arctos)、2头成年黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)和2头成年马来熊(Helarctos malayanus)的昼间乞食行为进行观察和记录。其中第1期为丰容前的行为观察期,第2和第3观察期为通过改变食物的投喂方式,并在熊的环境中放入玩具的丰容期。结果表明:3种熊都表现出了3种乞食行为,即蹲坐乞食、站立乞食和走动乞食。棕熊的乞食行为显著高于黑熊和马来熊(P<0.01或P<0.05),棕熊主要表现为蹲坐乞食和走动乞食,黑熊和马来熊主要表现为站立乞食。对丰容前后熊的乞食行为比较发现,丰容前3种熊的蹲坐、站立和总乞食行为显著高于丰容期(P<0.01),走动乞食行为没有显著差异(P>0.05)。黑熊和棕熊丰容期的乞食行为显著低于丰容前(P<0.01),且第2和3期丰容间的乞食行为没有显著差异(P>0.05),而马来熊丰容前后的乞食行为没有显著差异(P>0.05)。丰容前乞食行为的高峰为13:00—14:00;丰容后的乞食行为高峰为11:00—12:00。The behaviors of 4 brown bear （ Ursus arctos）, 2 moon bear （ Ursus thibetanus） and 2 sun bear（Helarctos malayanus） in Chengdu Zoo were studied with target animal instantaneous sampling method in 9：30-17：00 during 2014-11-11-21 （the 1st period）, 2015-05-18-06-07 （the 2nd peri- od） and 2015-05-25-06-14 （the 3rd period）. The 1st period was no enrichment period, the 2nd and 3rd period were enrichment period. During the 2nd and 3rd period, the feed mode was changed, and some toys were put into bear＇s environment. The result showed these 3 species of bear expressed 3 begging behaviors including sitting, standing and walking begging. The percentage of begging be- havior of brown bear was significantly higher than that of moon bear and sun bear （P〈0.01 or P〈 0. 05） , the main begging behavior of brown bear was sitting and standing begging, the main begging behavior of moon and sun bear was standing begging. The percentage of sitting and standing begging behavior during no enrichment period （the 1st period） was extremely significantly higher than those during the 2nd and 3rd （period） （P〈0.01）.The percentage of begging behavior of brown bear and moon bear during enrichment period was significantly lower than that during no enrichment period （P〈0.01）, and no significantly different between two enrichment periods （the 2nd and 3rd period） （P〉0.05） , the percentage of begging behavior of sun bear during 3 periods （ including enrichment and no enrichment period） had no significantly different （P〉0.05）.The peak of begging behavior of bear was in 13：00-14：00 during no enrichment period, in 11：00-12：00 during enrichment period.

关 键 词：熊 蹲坐乞食 站立乞食 走动乞食 

分 类 号：S865.31[农业科学—野生动物驯养]