新古典经济学租佃模型视野下的唐宋变革——以地租率和人身依附关系变化为中心  

A Study of the Transition from the Tang to the Song from a Neo-classical Economic Theoretical Perspective

作　　者：张雨 

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学应用文理学院历史文博系

出　　处：《国学学刊》2018年第2期18-33,共16页Research in the Traditions of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：均田制崩溃、租佃制发展与人身依附关系变化是唐宋变革论者立论和争论的焦点,但鲜有论及期间发生的有经济学意义的变化。借助新古典经济学,可知变化有二:唐宋租佃制,尤其是分成制,成为更有效率的契约安排,因而迅速成为主流;地租率下降刺激佃农增加劳动力投入,带来其自身、社会和地主收益的共同增长。此前租佃制虽长期存在,但效率低于奴隶制。魏晋以来"客"的普遍化,标志租佃制在扩大,但并未扭转低效率的局面。"客"的卑微化及其免役权,就是证据。故魏晋仍是奴隶制占优势的时期。北魏均田制将奴婢作为应受田口,开启了奴隶变为独立小农的进程,因此是奴隶社会向封建社会转变和人身依附关系由强转弱的临界点。唐宋间不存在上述变革。There have been various theories aiming to explain the driving force leading to the transition from the Tang to the Song, nevertheless, very few have touched upon the differences between the Tang and Song tenancy systems as well as their economic significance. Inspired by the neo-classical economics theory, this article examines the historical tenancy systems, especially the shared tenancy system that had made agricultural operation more efficient. The decline of land rent rate had encouraged tenant farmers to increase their labor input, bringing together the growth of farmer income, social output, and the benefits of landowners. It was after the system of land equalization was set up during the Northern Wei that the China proper witnessed the fast development of agricultural technology, the increase of agricultural efficiency, and the growing independence of farmers from the landlords. Nevertheless, this did not occur in the transitional period between the Tang and the Song.

关 键 词：唐宋变革 租佃制 均田制 北魏封建论 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济] K242[历史地理—历史学] K244[历史地理—中国史]