化学氮肥与绿肥对麦田土壤细菌多样性和功能的影响  

Effects of Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer and Green Manure on Diversity and Functions of Soil Bacteria in Wheat Field

作　　者：包明[1] 何红霞[1] 马小龙[1] 王朝辉[1] 邱炜红[1] BAO Ming;HE Hongxia;MA Xiaolong;WANG Zhaohui;QIU Weihong(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources andEnvironment, NorthwestA＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China)

机构地区：[1]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室/西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《土壤学报》2018年第3期734-743,共10页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200105);国家自然科学基金青年项目(41501308)资助~~

摘　　要：基于渭北旱塬8年田间定位试验,利用高通量测序技术研究了化学氮肥和绿肥施用对麦田土壤细菌丰度、多样性及其功能的影响。结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,化学氮肥施用处理(FP)显著增加了土壤有机碳含量(8.0%),氮肥+绿肥施用处理(FGM)显著增加了土壤有机碳(20.0%)、微生物生物量碳(62.0%)、微生物生物量氮(35.9%)、可溶性有机碳(7.27%)和有机氮(56.3%)含量。不同处理麦田土壤细菌OTU(基本分类单元)数平均为3792,丰度和多样性指数在各处理间均无显著性差异。优势菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)等,各处理之间无显著性差异。但在属水平上,与CK相比,FP处理显著降低了Pseudoduganella、Steroidobacter、Adhaeribacter、Nordella、Ralstonia等细菌属的相对丰度,FGM处理则显著提高了Steroidobacter、Chryseolinea、Lentzea、Chitinophaga和降低了Lactobacillus细菌属的丰度。FAPROTAX细菌功能分组主要以化能异养、硝化作用、氨氧化、亚硝酸盐氧化作用、硝酸盐还原作用等为主,Tax4Fun功能分组主要以碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、膜转运、信号传导和能量代谢等为主,各处理之间无显著性差异。因此,化学氮肥和绿肥施用对该区域旱地麦田土壤的细菌多样性、群落组成和功能影响相对较小,但可在一定程度上提高土壤肥力。【Objective】Application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and green manure is one of the important measures to improve crop yield and soil quality, but it also affects the soil bacterial community and its function, and thereby alters soil nutrient circulation. At present, there are few reports on whether long-term application of fertilizer nitrogen and green manure can improve diversity and functions of the soil microbia in the dryland soils. It is, therefore, of great significance to explore effects of application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and green manure on the soil bacterial community and its functions.【Method】An eight-year-old winter wheat field experiment, designed to have three treatments： i.e. Treatment CK（control applied, with P_2O_5 105 kg hm^（-2） a^（-1））, Treatment FP（applied with P_2O_5105 kg hm^（-2） a^（-1）, N150 kg hm^（-2） a^（-1））and Treatment FGM（applied with P_2O_5 105 kg hm^（-2） a^（-1）, N 150 kg hm^（-2） a^（-1）, plus green manure）, laid out in a randomized block design,was carried out in Shaanxi Province, China. Soil samples were collected September 2016 for analysis of soil biochemical properties（pH, nitrate N, ammonium nitrogen, soil organic carbon（SOC）, microbial biomass carbon（MBC）, microbial biomass nitrogen（MBN）, dissolved organic carbon（DOC） and dissolved organic nitrogen（DON））. The high throughput sequencing technique was used to determine 16S rRNA gene sequence in V4 zone of the soil bacteria, and in the end soil microbial community and its functions in the soil were analyzed. 【Result】Results show that Treatment FP was 8.0% higher in SOC than CK, while Treatment FGM was 20.0% higher in SOC, 62.2% higher in MBC, 35.9% higher in MBN, 7.27% higher in DOC and 56.3% higher in DON. The average OTUs number of the three treatments was 3 792, and no significant difference was observed between the treatments in Chao1 index and Shannon index. In the soil bacterial community Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bact

关 键 词：绿肥还田 细菌群落结构 Α多样性 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]