棘孢木霉菌肥对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果及对连作黄瓜根际土壤微生物种群的影响  

Effects of Trichoderma asperellum bio-fertilizer on cucumber Fusarium wilt and microbial population in continuous cucumber cropping rhizosphere soil

作　　者：贺字典 武春成 沈江洁 高玉峰 常连生 高增贵[2] He Zidian;Wu Chuncheng;Shen Jiangjie;Gao Yufeng;Chang Liansheng;Gao Zenggui(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science ＆ Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei Province, China;Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning Province, China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院农学与生物科技学院,秦皇岛066004 [2]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2018年第3期528-535,共8页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：河北省重点研发农业关键共性技术攻关专项(17226914D);河北省自然科学基金(C2016407101);秦皇岛市科技支撑计划项目(201402B028)

摘　　要：为明确棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum菌肥在防治黄瓜枯萎病的同时对连作黄瓜根际土壤微生物种群的影响,采用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)和磷脂脂肪酸(phospholipid fatty acid,PLFA)分析方法分别测定了棘孢木霉菌肥对连作4年的黄瓜根际棘孢木霉菌和尖孢镰孢菌Fusarium oxysporum DNA拷贝数变化和黄瓜根际微生物种群的影响。结果表明:棘孢木霉菌肥对黄瓜幼苗期和速长期黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果分别为70.24%和76.81%,均与药剂对照的防效差异不显著。棘孢木霉菌的DNA拷贝数出现2个高峰期,即黄瓜苗期和盛果期,其DNA拷贝数分别为235 000.00 ng/μL和80 500.00 ng/μL。黄瓜速长期、盛果期、生长末期的尖孢镰孢菌DNA拷贝数分别为15.41、54.87和18.36 ng/μL,且显著低于同一时期药剂对照和清水对照。黄瓜幼苗期、速长期、开花期和盛果期根际土壤微生物丰度分别为2.24、1.98、2.52和2.12,均高于药剂对照。由此可见,棘孢木霉菌肥在防治黄瓜枯萎病的同时,还可以改善黄瓜连作土壤微生物种群结构。DNA copies of Trichoderma asperellum and Fusarium oxysporium and microbial populations in continuous cucumber cropping rhizosphere soils for four years were detected by using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（RT-q PCR） and phospholipid fatty acid（PLFA）, respectively, to explore the effects of T. asperellum bio-fertilizer on their control efficiency against cucumber wilt and calculate microbial dynamic variation. The results showed that the biocontrol effect of T. asperellum bio-fertilizer on cucumber wilt was 70.24% and 76.81% during the seedling period and rapid growth period, which was not significantly different from those of the fungicide control. The DNA copies of T. asperellum arrived at 235 000.00 ng/μL and 80 500.00 ng/μL, respectively, which reached the highest during seedling period and reached the second peak in full bearing period. Compared to the water control and fungicide control, the DNA copies of F. oxysporium decreased by 15.41, 54.87 and 18.36 ng/μL in rapid growth period, fruiting stage and late growth period of cucumber, respectively, when the T. asperellum bio-fer-tilizer was applied. The microbial abundances in cucumber rhizosphere were 2.24, 1.98, 2.52 and 2.12 in four growth periods, from seedling to full bearing stages, respectively, higher than that of the fungicide control in the same period when T. asperellum bio-fertilizer was applied. Therefore, T. asperellum fertilizer could control cucumber Fusarium wilt and improve the soil microbial population in continuous cropping field.

关 键 词：木霉菌肥 根际土壤微生物 磷脂脂肪酸分析 种群动态变化 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S436.421.13[农业科学—农业基础科学]