水田电动双行深施肥除草机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Electric Control Double Row Deep Fertilizing Weeder in Paddy Field

作　　者：王金峰[1] 高观保 闫东伟[1] 王金武[1] 翁武雄 陈博闻 WANG Jinfeng;GAO Guanbao;YAN Dongwei;WANG Jinwu;WENG Wuxiong;CHEN Bowen(College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第7期46-57,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(SQ2018YFD030041;2016YFD0300909-04);黑龙江省普通本科高等学校青年创新人才培养计划项目(UNPYSCT-2016129);东北农业大学学术骨干项目(16XG09);国家自然科学基金项目(51205056);博士后研究人员落户黑龙江科研启动项目(LBH-Q17012)

摘　　要：针对水稻分蘖期施肥和除草作业过程中存在作业环节多、环境污染严重、营养分布不均匀等问题,结合水稻分蘖期深施肥和行间除草的农艺特点,设计了一种可同步完成水稻分蘖肥深施和行间除草的水田电动双行深施肥除草机。根据达朗贝尔原理,对机具启动加速阶段进行动力学分析,建立主动除草轮所需驱动力矩数学模型,得到主动除草轮所需最大驱动力矩理论值为59.05 N·m,完成深施肥装置控制系统与机具行走控制系统设计。采用二次正交旋转组合设计,以机具前进速度和叶片开口直径为影响因素,以施肥均匀性施肥量均值和施肥均匀性变异系数为响应指标,利用JPS-12型排种器检测试验台对深施肥装置的排肥性能进行台架试验,运用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行方差分析与响应面分析,得到影响因素与响应指标之间的数学模型,并对数学模型进行优化,优化结果表明:在前进速度0.40 m/s,叶片开口直径16 mm的条件下,施肥均匀性施肥量均值为0.20 g,施肥均匀性变异系数最小值为21.7%。对机具进行田间性能试验,当叶片开口直径16 mm,机具前进速度0.40 m/s,给定施肥量为67.5 kg/hm2时,施肥量偏差控制在3.54%以内,机具在不同前进速度情况下除草率均不小于78.5%,满足水稻分蘖肥深施和行间除草的农艺要求。Aiming at the issues of fertilization and weeding operations in paddy field during the tillering stage, there are many problems in the operation, serious environmental pollution and uneven nutrition distribution. A kind of rice planting that can be completed synchronously in combination with the agronomic characteristics of deep fertilization and weeding at the tillering stage was designed. According to the D’Alembert’s principle, the dynamics analysis of the start-up acceleration stage of the implement was carried out, and the mathematical model of the driving torque required for the active weeding wheel was established. The theoretical value of the maximum driving torque required for the active weeding wheel was 59.05N·m, and the control system for the deep fertilization device was completed. And walking control system design was implemented. The quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design was adopted. The tool forward speed and the blade opening diameter were the influencing factors. The average fertilization amount and the variation coefficient of fertilization uniformity were used as the response indicators. The JPS-12 seed metering instrument was used to test the test rig. A bench test was performed on the row fertilizer performance of the deep fertilization device. The variance analysis and response surface analysis of the test data were performed by using Design-Expert software. The mathematical model between the influencing factors and the response indicators was obtained. The mathematical model was optimized and the optimization results showed that at a forward speed of 0.40m/sand a blade opening diameter of 16mm, the average fertilization amount of fertilization was 0.20g, and the minimum value of fertility uniformity was 21.7%. Field performance tests were carried out on the implements. When the blade opening diameter was 16mm, the implement advance speed was 0.40m/s, and the given fertilizer amount was 67.5kg/hm^2, the fertilizer amount deviation was controlled within 3.54%, and the i

关 键 词：水田 行间除草 侧深施肥 作业机具 电动 

分 类 号：S224.21[农业科学—农业机械化工程]