免耕播种机精量穴施肥系统设计与试验  

Design and Test on No-tillage Planter Precise Hole Fertilization System

作　　者：吴南[1,2] 林静[1] 李宝筏[1] WU Nan;LIN Jing;LI Baofa(College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;Department of Materials Engineering, Liaoning Mechatronics College, Dandong 118009, China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110866 [2]辽宁机电职业技术学院材料工程系,丹东118009

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第7期64-72,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51275318);农业部公益性行业科研专项(201503116-09)

摘　　要：为实现玉米精量穴施肥农业技术要求,提高穴施肥质量,设计了一种穴施肥控制系统。应用颗粒系统仿真软件EDEM对穴施肥控制装置成穴性能进行了仿真研究,表明穴施肥装置在播种速度3~7 km/h时,鸭嘴阀成穴性能较好,成穴性能随着播种机速度增加逐渐减弱。通过穴施肥控制算法,调节种子脱离排种口与肥料脱离排肥口的时间间隔t_3,控制穴施肥料与穴播种子水平距离a,实现穴施肥位置控制;调节排肥轴转速和鸭嘴阀开合频率,实现穴施肥量控制。采用正交旋转组合试验,以播种机行进速度、鸭嘴阀旋转角、穴施肥装置安装高度为试验因素,穴距精度和穴施肥量精度为试验指标,应用响应面分析法,进行三因素五水平正交试验,结果表明,在播种机行进速度为7 km/h,最佳参数组合为:旋转角33.37°,安装高度17.30 cm。田间试验结果表明,在播种机行进速度3~7 km/h,旋转角33.37°,安装高度17.30 cm时,穴距精度可达84.76%,穴施肥量精度可达87.20%,满足玉米精量穴施肥控制技术农业要求。A hole fertilization system was designed to satisfy the technology demand on precise hole fertilization agriculture which applied a discrete element method software EDEM to simulate the hole fertilization controlling device. The result demonstrated that the mean hole distance was 24.90cm, 23.79cm and 23.28cm, respectively, when planter speed was 3km/h, 5km/h and 7km/h, and the soil opener working performance of the hole fertilization system was weakened as the speed of the planter was increased. Based on the hole fertilization controlling algorithm, the hole fertilization position controlling was achieved by adjusting the time interval between the seed out of the seed outlet and the fertilizer out of the fertilizer outlet （t3） and controlling the horizontal distance between the fertilizer and the seeds （a）;the hole fertilization amount controlling was achieved by adjusting the opening and closing frequency of the fertilizer axis speed and the duckbill valve. Based on the orthogonal rotation design test of quadratic regression and the response surface methodology, the speed of the seeding machine, the opening and closing angle of the duckbill valve and the installment height of the hole fertilization device were taken as test factors, the precision of hole distance and the precision of the fertilization amount were taken as test indicators to implement the orthogonal test. The result showed that the precision of hole distance and the fertilization amount was 86.03% and 84.60%, respectively, when the speed of the seeding machine, the opening and closing angle of the duckbill valve and the installment height of the hole fertilization was 7km/h, 33.37° and 17.30cm when the hole fertilization was at optimum working performance. By testing on the precision of hole distance and the fertilization amount with the opening and closing angle and the installment of 33.37° and 17.30cm, the speed of the planter as 3km/h, 5km/h and 7km/h, the field validation test result was similar to the theoretical result. Furthe

关 键 词：免耕播种机 穴施肥 控制系统 鸭嘴阀 正交试验 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]