水稻秸秆堆肥发酵粗制肥料中微生物多样性研究  

Characteristic Analysis of Microbial Diversity in Crud Fertilizer from Compost of Rice Straw

作　　者：朱琳[1] 曾椿淋 高凤[1] 施爱平[2] 毛罕平[2] 魏巍[2] ZHU Lin;ZENG Chunlin;GAO Feng;SHI Aiping;MAO Hanping;WEI Wei(School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学食品与生物工程学院,镇江212013 [2]江苏大学农业装备工程学院,镇江212013

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第7期228-234,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41503068;31770543);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20150496;BK20150497);江苏省高校自然科学研究面上项目(15KJB550002)

摘　　要：研究基于Illumina平台的高通量测序技术,初步解析等量的、不同氮源添加(尿素和牛粪)的水稻秸秆经堆肥发酵后制得粗制肥料中细菌和真核微生物群落结构和多样性。添加尿素和牛粪发酵成的粗制肥料中分别得到897个和954个细菌可操纵分类单元(Operational taxonomic unit,OTU),以及508个和585个真核微生物OTU,且添加牛粪处理的细菌和真核微生物群落丰富度和多样性均高于添加尿素处理。添加尿素制得粗制肥料以放线菌门(Actinobacteria,71.9%)的Streptomyces(40.9%)和Cellulosimicrobium(22.2%)菌属为最优势的细菌类群,以真菌子囊菌门(Ascomycota,70.0%)的Pichia(46.1%)菌属为主要优势的真核微生物类群。添加牛粪制得粗制肥料以变形菌门(Proteobacteria,58.5%)的Pseudomonas(47.8%)菌属为最优势的细菌类群,以真菌子囊菌门(Ascomycota,42.5%)的Aspergillus(23.9%)菌属和接合菌门(Zygomycota,20.5%)的Mucor(9.4%)菌属为主要优势的真核微生物类群。研究结果表明,不同的氮源添加可导致水稻秸秆堆肥发酵制得粗制肥料中形成具有不同优势种群结构的细菌和真核微生物群落,并会导致腐熟各阶段发挥作用的微生物类群的差异。Based on the high throughput DNA sequencing of Illumina, the microbial community composition of the compost of rice straw added with urea or cow dung as the nitrogen source was entirely clarified, respectively. Totally 897 and 954 bacterial operational taxonomic unit （OTU） was obtained from the treatment applied with urea and manure, targeting the V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA partial gene. The richness index and diversity index of bacterial community in the treatment applied with manure were higher than that in the treatment applied with urea. In the treatment applied with urea, the bacterial phylum Actinobacteria was the most dominant group （71.9%）, and the genus Streptomyces and Cellulosimicrobium were the main genus of 40.9% and 22.2%, respectively. In the treatment applied with manure, the bacterial phylum Proteobacteria was the most dominant group （58.5%）, and the genus Pseudomonas was the main genus of 47.8%. Totally 508 and 585 eukaryotic microbial operational taxonomic unit （OTU） was obtained from the treatment applied with urea and manure, targeting the V4 region of eukaryotic 18S rRNA partial gene. The richness index and diversity index of eukaryotic community in the treatment applied with manure were higher than that in the treatment applied with urea. In the treatment applied with urea, the fungal phylum Ascomycota was the most dominant group （70.0%）, and the genus Pichia was the main genus of 46.1%. In the treatment applied with manure, the fungal phylum Ascomycota was still the most dominant group （42.5%）, following by the fungal phylum Zygomycota （20.5%）. The genus Aspergillus （23.9%） and Mucor （9.4%） were the main genus. The results showed that different nitrogen sources could lead to the formation of bacterial and eukaryotic microbial communities with different predominant population structures in crude fertilizers from rice straw compost fermentation, which may lead to the differences of microbial groups that played a rol

关 键 词：水稻秸秆 堆肥 细菌 真核微生物 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学] S141.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]