绵枣儿花部综合特征与繁育系统  

Floral syndrome and breeding system of Barnardia japonica

作　　者：何淼[1] 王想[1] 王欢[1] 高文杰[1] 王霁佳 周蕴薇[1] HE Miao;WANG Xiang;WANG Huan;GAO Wenjie;WANG Jijia;ZHOU Yunwei(College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2018年第6期13-22,共10页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572017CA13);国家自然科学基金项目(31400590);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C2015058)

摘　　要：绵枣儿是一种极具应用潜力的野生植物种类,研究其花部综合特征与繁育系统有助于加快绵枣儿在园林上的应用。通过野外定点观察并记录其花部综合特征和开花动态,运用花粉/胚珠比、杂交指数以及套袋试验等方法对其繁育系统进行测定。结果显示:绵枣儿为顶生总状花序,开放次序为由下至上,花淡紫红色,每个花序具有小花40~300朵不等。通过扫描电镜和石蜡切片观察可以发现,绵枣儿每朵小花具有6枚花药,花药四室,花粉较大且外壁光滑,柱头相对表面积较大且具有许多球状凸起。绵枣儿单花花期为4~5 d,其单花期依据散粉特征和形态可以分为散粉期、柱头发育期、凋谢期。单株花期在9~28 d之间波动,花朵开放百分比和开花式样大小均呈现单峰变化的趋势。绵枣儿花粉/胚珠比结果为3 111,杂交指数结果为4,结合套袋试验结果可以确定绵枣儿的繁育系统为异交,部分可以自交亲和,需要传粉者的参与。Barnardia japonica is a kind of wild plant species with great potential. Studying the floral syndrome and breeding systems is helpful to speed up the application of B. japonica. Based on the observation and recording of the sample plants in the field, with the focus on the flowering dynamics, pollen-ovule ratio（P/O）, outcrossing index（OCI） and artificial pollination experiments, a systematic research on the floral syndrome and breeding systems of B. japonica was conducted. The results showed that the color of the apical raceme with 40 to 300 flower buds was pale violet red, which the individual plant was gradually open from bottom to top. Observed by scanning electron microscopy and paraffin sections can be found each flower of B. japonica had 6 anthers, and each anther had four rooms. The pollen with smooth outer wall was larger, and stigma had a relatively large surface area with a large number of spherical protrusions. The life span of a single flower was about 4-5 days, and the flowering process for one flower of the plants can be divided into three periods： loose powder stage, stigma development period and fade stage, which according to the characteristics and shape of loose powder. The flowering stage for individual plant was approximately 9-28 days, and the percentage of open flowers and the size of flowering patterns showed a change of single peak. The pollen-ovule ratio was 3 111, and crossing index was 4. Combined with the results of artificial pollination experiment, the breeding system of B. japonica can be confirmed is out-cross system, self-compatibility partially, and it needs pollinators to participate.

关 键 词：绵枣儿 花部综合特征 开花动态 繁育系统 

分 类 号：S722.8[农业科学—林木遗传育种]