坡向及土层厚度对15年生樟树林分生长的影响  

The influence of slope and soil thickness to 15-year-old Cinnamomum camphora growth traits

作　　者：魏志恒 潘军球 吴际友[1] 程勇[1] 廖德志[1] 陈明皋[1] 黄小飞[1] 郭文平 贺文明 陈德云 刘欲晓 WEI Zhiheng;PAN Junqiu;WU Jiyou;CHENG Yong;LIAO Dezhij;CHEN Minggao;HUANG Xiaofei;GUO Wenping;HE Wenming;CHEN Deyun;LIU Yuxiao(Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, Htman, China;Baishui State-owned Nursery, Miluo 414404, Hunan, China;Hangfengqiao State-owned Forest Farm, Youxian 412300, Hunan, China;Forestry Bureau of Youxian,Youxian 412300, Hunan, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]白水国有苗圃,湖南汨罗414404 [3]黄丰桥国有林场,湖南攸县412300 [4]攸县林业局,湖南攸县412300

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2018年第7期32-36,44,共6页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家"十三五"重点研发计划项目"樟树等高效培育技术研究"(2016YFD0600605)

摘　　要：通过试验林样地调查,研究了坡向及土层厚度对15年生樟树林分生长的影响。结果表明:(1)在其它立地条件、造林密度及抚育措施一致条件下,3种不同坡向上的樟树林分生长差异显著;阳坡(A1)上樟树胸径、冠幅的生长量均显著大于半阴坡(A2)和阴坡(A3)(P<0.01),但阳坡樟树林分开叉率(若立木主干高度不足树高的60%则标记为"开叉",开叉率为开叉樟树数量占样地内樟树总数的百分比)较高,达到了22.22%;而在树高、枝下高及主干高生长量上,半阴坡(A2)樟树要显著(P<0.01)大于阳坡(A1)和阴坡(A3),同时开叉率为3.3%,远低于阳坡(A1),并且普遍树体通直,分叉较少。(2)土层厚度对樟树林分生长影响显著,在3种不同土层厚度(B1:100 cm以上、B2:60~80 cm、B3:40~50 cm)条件下的15年生樟树林分生长差异极显著(P<0.01),除了冠幅表现为B1>B3>B2之外,其它生长指标如胸径、树高、枝下高、主干高生长量均表现为B1>B2>B3,同时调查发现土层越薄、土壤越贫瘠樟树林分开叉率越高,生长在B3(土层厚度40~60 cm,退耕地)上的樟树林分开叉率高达78.7%,且树体歪曲,分叉多。(3)综合分析表明,樟树适合于光照充足、土层厚,土壤肥沃的立地条件,贫瘠的立地条件会使得樟树树干分叉多、干形歪。所以选择好光照条件、造林密度以及土层厚度是培育胸径大、主干高、分叉少、干形直的樟树的必要条件。The influence of slope and soil thickness to 15-year-old Cinnamomum camphora growth traits was study by sample-plot survey. The results showed that：（1）There were significant difference among 3 different slope while the other site condition、silviculture density and tending management were basically coincide; The sunny slope（A1） Cinnamomum camphora＇s DBH and crown width were significant greater than the half shady slope（A2） and shady slope（A3）, but have higher trunk branching rate（If the trunk less than the 60% hight of tree,then site the tree ＂trunk branching＂, trunk branching rate is the proportion of ＂trunk branching＂ tree） reach 22.22%; while the growth of tree height, under branch height and trunk height of half shady slope（A2） were significant higher than sunny slope（A1） and shady slope（A3）; in addition the trunk branching rate is extraordinary low, just reach 3.3%, and the Cinnamomum camphora grow on half shady slope have more straight trunk and have less trunk branches.（2） The soil thickness is also had significant influence to the growth traits of Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum camphora that among the 3 different soil thickness（B1： more than 100 cm、B2：60-80 cm、B3：40-50 cm） have significant difference; Beside the crown width, the other growth index such as DBH、tree height、under branch height and trunk height are all showed that B1 〉B2〉 B3; In addition the research also shows that the Cinnamomum camphora group trunk branching rate is going to higher when the soil become barren and thin, the Cinnamomum camphora that grow on B3（soil thickness 40-60 cm, returned farmland） has 78.7% trunk branching rate which is extremely higher than the other site, and has more trunk branch with bending trunk.（3）In a summary, Cinnamomum camphora should grow on the site condition which have ample sunshine、fertile and thick soil, but excessively superior site condition would make it have more trunk branchs and greater crown width with bending trunk

关 键 词：樟树 坡向 土层厚度 林分生长 

分 类 号：S758.52[农业科学—森林经理学]