风蚀作用下农田土壤细颗粒的粒度损失特征及其对土壤性质影响  

Loss Characteristics of Fine Particles by Wind in Farmland and Its Effect on Soil Properties

作　　者：苑依笑 王仁德[2] 常春平[1] 郭中领[1] 李庆[2] YUAN Yixiao;WANG Rende;CHANG Chunping;GUO Zhongling;LI Qing(College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang , 050024;Institute of Geographical Sciences, Heibei Academy Sciences, Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application, Shijiazhaung 050011)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学资源与环境科学学院河北省环境演变与生态建设省级重点实验室,石家庄050024 [2]河北省科学院地理科学研究所河北省地理信息开发应用工程技术研究中心,石家庄050011

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第2期104-109,119,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40110251;41330746;41630747);河北省自然科学基金项目(D2013302034;D2014205063);河北省科学院科技计划项目(17103)

摘　　要：以河北坝上地区作为典型研究区,采用野外观测和室内试验分析方法,通过比较农田与邻近天然草地土壤性质之间的差异,研究了农田土壤细颗粒物的损失特征及其对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:与风蚀较轻的天然草地相比,农田土壤中黏粒含量下降30%,粉砂含量下降14%;土壤细粒物质的损失粒径集中在0~40μm,其中1.8~24.0μm的细颗粒损失最为严重。由于土壤细颗粒物的损失,土壤砂粒含量相对增加7%,砾石含量相对增加75%,土壤平均粒径增大16%,农田土壤出现明显的粗化、沙化趋势。同时,农田土壤随着养分含量较高的细颗粒损失而变得贫瘠,表现为有机质含量减少29%,全氮含量减少24%,土壤C/N比明显下降,土壤肥力显著降低。土壤细颗粒物的损失对土壤的可风蚀性颗粒含量无明显影响,土壤风蚀可蚀性的变化趋势不明显。The wind erosion of farmland in the agro-pastoral acetone of northern China is very serious,which causes degradation of soil resources.Taking Bashang district as a typical area of agro-pastoral acetone,by field sampling and comparing the differences in soil properties between farmland and nearby natural grassland,the loss characteristics of fine particles in farmland soils led by wind erosion as well as its impact on soil physical and chemical properties were studied in the paper.The results showed that,compared with natural grasslands with weak wind erosion,the contents of clay and silt in farmlands decreased by 30% and 14%,respectively.The grain sizes of lost soil concentrated in 0-40μm,of which the loss of fine particles with sizes of 1.8-24.0μm was the largest.The loss of fine particles in farmland soils resulted in the increase of sand and gravel in farmland soils by 7% and 75%,respectively,also the averaged particle size of soil increased 16%.Those indicate that the farmland soils have serious tendency of coarsening and desertification under the long-time effect of wind erosion.With the loss of fertile fine particles,the soils of farmland became barren.The results showed that the contents of carbon（C）and total nitrogen（N）in farmland soils decreased significantly,with a declining range of about 29% and 24%,respectively.The ratio of C to N（C/N）also declined obviously and the content of soil fertility reduced.However,the loss of fine particles had no significant influence on the proportion of erodible particles in soil.The change of soil erodibility by wind was not obvious in farmland soils.

关 键 词：农田风蚀 细颗粒损失 土壤理化性质 风蚀可蚀性 河北坝上 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]