中青年2型糖尿病患者健康饮食行为及影响因素的研究  

The stages and influencing factors of dietary behaviors in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes

作　　者：张树光[1] 严杰[1] 孙玉娇[1,2] 孟凡嫣 陈璇 ZHANG Shuguang;YAN Jie;SUN Yujiao;MENG Fanyan;CHEN Xuan

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学护理学院,南京市210023 [2]南京鼓楼医院内分泌科

出　　处：《中华护理杂志》2018年第7期816-821,共6页Chinese Journal of Nursing

摘　　要：目的基于态度-社会影响-自我效能模型,探讨中青年2型糖尿病患者健康饮食行为及影响因素。方法采用便利抽样的方法,选取南京市2所三级甲等医院内分泌科的430例中青年2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,采用一般情况调查问卷、健康饮食行为阶段问卷、健康饮食行为态度、社会影响量表及糖尿病自我效能量表进行横断面调查。结果中青年2型糖尿病患者健康饮食行为各阶段的分布比例为意图前期15.1%,意图期22.6%,准备期25.6%,行动期15.1%,维持期21.6%;Logistic回归分析结果示,病程、BMI、Hb A1c、是否接受健康教育、是否吸烟、饮食行为态度、主观规范、社会支持和自我效能是影响患者健康饮食行为的主要因素(P<0.05)。结论大多数中青年2型糖尿病患者健康饮食行为处于行动前阶段,有待提高。健康饮食行为受多个因素的影响,护理人员应基于可干预因素,抓住行为转变的重要影响因素,针对患者不同行为阶段的特征制订个性化的干预措施。Objective Based on the attitude-social influence-self efficacy model,to investigate the stages and influencing factors of dietary behaviors in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 430 diabetic patients were recruited from two tertiary hospitals in Nanjing and were investigated with general information questionnaire,Stages of Dietary Behaviors Questionnaire,Diabetes Self Efficacy Scale and a series of influential factors questionnaires. Results There were 15.1% of the patients at the stage of precontemplation,22.6% at the contemplation stage,25.6% at the preparation stage,15.1% at the action stage,21.6% at the maintenance stage. Logistic regression analysis showed that duration of disease,BMI,HbA1c ,health education,smoking,attitude,subjective norm,social support and self-efficacy were the main factors influencing the stage of healthy eating behaviors（P〈 0.05）. Conclusion Most of the young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes are in the earlier stages of dietary behaviors ,which needs to be improved, and many factors can affect the stages of dietary behaviors.

关 键 词：糖尿病 2型 饮食习惯 行为 态度 社会影响 自我效能 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]