国产大型光学天象仪的早期研制与影响  

The Early Development and Influence of China-made Large Optical Planetarium

作　　者：张楠 ZHANG Nan(School of History and Culture of Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, Chin)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2018年第7期55-60,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(17ZDA182)

摘　　要：光学-机械式天象仪诞生于1923年的德国蔡司工厂,通过电力及机械结合的传动方式,使投映机在穹顶天幕上准确投影出星空、天体运动等地球视角的可见天象,其出现使现代天文馆得以发源。中国大陆第一座天文馆北京天文馆于1957年9月开幕。随后1958年,北京工业学院和北京天文馆进行了第一次天象仪试制,并在之后持续进行了研究和改进。中国科学院在1973年正式提出在全国建设天文馆的规划,多方联动的北京市"天象仪会战"就此展开。1976年底,国产大型天象仪取代原蔡司机器正式对外开放,然而由于建设天文馆的规划本身与当时的生产能力不相匹配,加之我国政治时局与文化传统诸多因素,此计划最终并未完全实现,并对我国天文馆事业和格局的形成产生了直接影响。Optical - mechanical planetarium was born in Zeiss factory in 1923 . It accurately projects the astronomical phenomena of the earthg perspective such as the star night and celestial movement onto the dome. The invention of this instrument enabled the modern planetarium to originate. In 1957, the Beijing Planetarium was opened. In 1958, Beijing Institute of Industry and Beijing Planetarium conducted the first prototype trial of the planetarium, and continued research and improvement thereafter. In 1973, Chinese Academy of Sciences formally proposed the plan of building planetariums across the en- tire country, and ＂ Planetarium Battle＂ started. By the end of 1976, China - made large planetarium replaced the Zeiss machine thirty years of continuous service at the Beijing Planetarium. However, the nationwide planning has not been fully completed in the end, which has a direct impact on the develop- ment of planetarium in China.

关 键 词：光学天象仪 天文馆规划 天象仪会战 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]