我国消防技术规范建设现状及相关问题探析  

Overview on and probe into fire codes in China

作　　者：傅智敏[1] 黄晓哲 韩海云 FU Zhi-min;HUANG Xiao-zhe;HAN Hai-yun(Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Chinese People＇ s Armed Police Force Academy, Langfang 065000, Hebei, China;Xiamen Municipal Fire Brigade, Fujian Province, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民武装警察部队学院消防工程系,河北廊坊065000 [2]福建厦门消防支队,福建厦门361000

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2018年第3期1025-1029,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：消防标准是消防监督管理工作的重要依据,广义的消防标准包括消防技术规范。消防技术规范与狭义的消防标准在标准化对象、作用、发布部门、文献分类法等诸多方面都有区别;消防技术规范提出了各类建筑物、构筑物必须满足的最低消防要求,并常常大量引用消防标准。我国现行国家强制消防技术规范40部,主要有通用规范和专用规范两大类;38部现行专用规范中标龄超过8年的有20部。为使我国消防技术规范得到更好的贯彻执行,建议国家消防技术规范采用3~5年的修订周期;针对诸如金属幕墙保温系统火灾等现实消防问题及时开展防火研究并尽快将其转化为消防技术规范要求,不断增强规范修订内容的适用性和前瞻性。消防技术规范的强制性条文尚需要从用词准确性和表述完整性等方面进一步加强。同时建议我国消防技术规范针对涉及重大消防安全利益问题的已有建筑或工程项目提出具体的消防要求。The given article is to make an overview on and probe into fire codes in China. As is known,fire standards including fire codes are the basis for fire supervision by the government and the fire safety management interior enterprises. There exist distinctions in the aspects of standardization scope,effect,the corresponding departments responsible for validation,and documentation and classification between fire codes and fire standards in the limited sense. The minimum fire safety requirements are suggested for various buildings in fire codes in which some fire standards are usually adopted by reference. So far as we know,there exist40 mandatory national fire technical codes in effect in China,which involve both general codes and special codes. A new revision edition general fire code and a new general fire code were released in 2014 and 2015,respectively. It can be found that the Ministry of Public Security of China has edited 12 of 15 special codes for fire protection,20 special codes for fire facilities and 3 special codes for fire safety planning. Of the total 38 special fire codes,the standard revision time of the 21 special codes has lasted over 8 years. In order to bring the fire codes into force completely,the revision interval of 3 to 5 years for mandatory national fire codes is recommended with the application of the revision contents of the codes should be improved further. It is urgent to study fires occurred in recent years in China,such as the metal curtain wall insulation system fires,and to increase the application of fire codes to social needs by adopting the fire requirements from research results in fire codes as soon as possible. For mandatory terms of fire codes,the preciseness and integrity are important and leave much room for improvement. Usually,the principle of non-retroactivity should be followed for potential fire hazards due to the update of fire standards. Nevertheless,the potential fire hazards have to be settled within a definite time coordinated by the governments when the interests

关 键 词：安全社会科学 消防工程 消防标准 消防技术规范 修订周期与内容 强制性条文 溯及力 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]