基于公海换水的船舶压载水浮游植物研究  

Research on the threat of phytoplankton in ship ballast water based on ballast water exchange in the high sea areas

作　　者：周亦 边佳胤[3] 王晓媛 王琼 ZHOU Yi;BIAN Jiayin;WANG Xiaoyuan;WANG Qiong(College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Centre for Research on the Ecological Security of Ports and Shipping, Shanghai 201306, China;Marine Workstation of Zhoushan SOA, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang , China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学港航生态安全研究中心,上海201306 [3]国家海洋局东海分局舟山海洋工作站,浙江舟山316000

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2018年第3期329-335,共7页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：上海市科委科研计划项目(17DZ1202905);上海市科委研发平台专项(16DZ2293800);上海市自然基金(15ZR1420900);海洋工程装备检测试验技术国家工程试验室建设项目[沪发改高技(2016)99号]

摘　　要：选取9艘停泊于洋山深水港、在太平洋公海海域进行压载水交换的到港船舶,分析其压载水中浮游植物的种类组成和丰度,共检测出浮游植物4门18属29种(包括变种或变型),其中硅藻门占主要优势地位,共计13属21种,占总种类数72.4%,包括未定种8种;甲藻门3属6种,占总种类数20.7%,其中未定种1种;绿藻门1属1种,占总种类数3.5%,其中未定种1种;蓝藻门1属1种,占总种类数3.5%。所有船舶压载水样品中均发现有赤潮藻,存在潜在外来种入侵风险。在公海海域进行压载水交换后浮游植物丰度远小于在国内沿岸海域交换压载水的丰度,显示公海换水可有效降低压载水内浮游植物的密度,但仍有适应港口环境的种类存在,未能完全消除外来藻类入侵的潜在生态风险。Analysis of abundance and biodiversity of phytoplankton in ballast water which was exchanged in the high seas of the Pacific Ocean for the vessels calling for Yangshan Deepwater Port was conducted to research the risk of phytoplankton invasion. A total of 4 phyla,18 genera and 29 species（ including variants）of phytoplankton were detected in the samples,in which Bacillariophyta dominates the sample results,72. 4%for Bacillariophyta（ common with 13 genera and 21 species）,20. 7% for Dinoflagellate（ common with 3 genera and 6 species）,3. 5% for Chlorophyta（ common with 1 genus and 1 species） and 3. 5% for Cyanophyta（ common with 1 genus and 1 species）. In all of the 9 ballast water samples surveyed,red tide algae were identified and there was a potential risk of invasive alien species. The abundance of phytoplankton after ballast water exchange in the high seas was much less than that of ballast water exchange in the domestic coastal waters in China. The current ballast water exchange method can reduce the risk of marine organisms invasion while the ballast water treatment system is required to eliminate hidden risks.

关 键 词：洋山深水港 太平洋公海 压载水交换 浮游植物 

分 类 号：Q89[生物学] S917[农业科学—水产科学]