“21世纪海上丝绸之路”航线船舶压载水浮游植物群落特征  

Phytoplankton community characteristics of ship ballast water on the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road

作　　者：杨逸凡 薛俊增 刘亮 王晓媛 吴惠仙 YANG Yifan;XUE Junzeng;LIU Liang;WANG Xiaoyuan;WU Huixian(College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Centre for Research on the Ecological Security of Ports and Shipping, Shanghai 201306, China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学港航生态安全研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2018年第3期336-343,共8页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：上海市科委科研计划项目(17DZ1202905);上海市科委研发平台专项(16DZ2293800);上海市自然基金(15ZR1420900);海洋工程装备检测试验技术国家工程试验室建设项目[沪发改高技(2016)99号]

摘　　要：2015年4月至2016年7月采集了停泊于上海洋山港的9艘"21世纪海上丝绸之路"航线船舶压载水水样,压载地隶属于中国南海区、阿拉伯海区、红海区和地中海区。对其浮游植物的种类组成和丰度进行了分析,共检出压载水中浮游植物30种,隶属于4门18属。其中硅藻门12属21种,甲藻门4属7种,蓝藻门和绿藻门各1种。各船舶压载水中浮游植物种类数变化范围为2~7种,优势种为星形明盘藻(Hyalodiscus stelliger)、具槽直链藻(Melosira sulcata)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和具尾翅甲藻(Dinophysis caudata),其中具尾翅甲藻出现频率最高。春季压载于香港港的样品中浮游植物丰度最高,为(3.983±1.695)×103cells/L;夏季压载于新加坡港的样品中浮游植物丰度最低,为(0.317±0.347)×103cells/L。此外鉴定到赤潮藻13种,包括3种有毒藻类,分布于8艘船舶压载水中。结果显示,来自中国南海区的压载水样品中浮游植物种类数和丰度较其他海区高,4个海区的压载水均具有潜在的生物入侵风险,若部分赤潮藻种随压载水排入洋山港区,赤潮发生潜在风险增大,进而危害当地海域的生态环境。The samples of ballast water were taken at Shanghai Yangshan Port from April 2015 to July 2016 from nine vessels which had sailed along 21 st-Century Maritime Silk Road. The seawater was ballasted in South China Sea area,Arabian Sea area,Red Sea area and Mediterranean area. The biodiversity and abundance of phytoplankton were analyzed. In this survey,30 species of phytoplankton were detected in ballast water,belonging to 4 phyla and 18 genera. Among them,there are 21 species under 12 genera of Bacillariophyta,7 species from 4 genera of Pyrrophyta,and 1 species of Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta,respectively. The number of species of phytoplankton in ballast water varies from 2 to 7. The dominant species were Hyalodiscus stelliger,Melosira sulcata,Skeletonema costatum,and Dinophysis caudata,among which Dinophysis caudata has the highest frequency. The highest abundance of phytoplankton was（ 3. 983 ± 1. 695）× 10^3 cells/L,sampled from the seawater ballasted in Hongkong in spring. The lowest abundance of phytoplankton,（ 0. 317 ± 0. 347） × 10^3 cells/L,was from the samples of Singapore water ballasted in summer. In addition,13 species of red-tide algae were identified,including 3 species of toxic algae from 8 ballast water samples. The results showed that the biodiversity and abundance of phytoplankton in the ballast water samples from the South China Sea area were higher than those in other sea areas. Ballast water in all four sea areas has the potential for biological invasion. If some red-tide algae species are released into the Yangshan Port area upon discharging ballast water,the potential risk of red tides will increase,which will endanger the ecological environment of local sea areas.

关 键 词：21世纪海上丝绸之路 洋山深水港 压载水 浮游植物 

分 类 号：Q89[生物学] S917[农业科学—水产科学]