国际船舶压载水管理及《公约》生效后检验检疫监管措施的思考和建议  

Thoughts and suggestions on the management of international ships' ballast water and the measures of inspection and quarantine supervision after the ratification of the Convention

作　　者：张晓航[1,2] 张子龙[1,2] 李深伟[1,2] 杜鹃[1,2] 李平[2] 田桢干 ZHANG Xiaohang;ZHANG Zilong;LI Shenwei;DU Juan;LI Ping;TIAN Zhengan(Shanghai International Travel Healthcare Center, Shanghai 200135, China;Shanghai entry-exit inspection and quarantine bureau, Shanghai 200135, China)

机构地区：[1]上海国际旅行卫生保健中心,上海200135 [2]上海出入境检验检疫局,上海200135

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2018年第3期447-450,共4页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：质检总局项目(2018IK-017);质检总局项目(2016IK-219)

摘　　要：在《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制与管理公约》即将生效之际,作者综述了检疫部门多年来对压载水政策的发展,分析了近年来出入境检验检疫局在压载水检测中发现多批次船舶压载水超标的情况,分析了入境船舶压载水排放的风险。面对当前入境船舶压载水监管在立法、监管、技术、认识等的诸多问题,作者认为:应该尽快构建压载水管理信息系统,积极开展入境船舶压载水的风险评估;加快压载水检测实验室建设,加强入境压载水监管方面的技术研究标准建设和信息交流;完善相关法律法规体系,统一压载水管理的技术和排放标准;加强部门协作,建立多部门的协调管理机制;加强船舶检疫监管,提高压载水管理水平;加大宣传力度,提高民众法律意识。压载水的检疫监管不仅是关系到公共卫生安全和生态环境安全,还关系到贸易发展和经济社会发展,应该引起社会和相应部门的高度重视。On the occasion of the coming into force of the 《International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships,Ballast Water and Sediments》,the paper summarized the development of the policy on ballast water by Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau in recent years and analyzed the situation of multiple batches of ships＇ ballast water exceeding the ballast water test in recent years. The risk of ballast water discharged from exiting and entering Shanghai port is analyzed. For solving the problems such as the current regulation of ballast water from legislation,supervision,technology and cognition,the author suggests that the ballast water management system should be established as soon as possible,and the risk assessment of ballast water of exiting and entering ships should be actively carried out. ballast water testing laboratories and technical standards about ballast water should be set up,the exchange of information in the area of ballast water supervision at entry points should be strengthened. Relevant laws and standards for ballast water management should be set up. Several section for supervision of ships should strengthen collaboration and improve the management technique. The ballast water not only refers to the public heath and environment,but also refers to economic and trade development,which should cause high priority of all the society.

关 键 词：船舶 压载水 公约 检疫 监管 

分 类 号：R185.3[医药卫生—流行病学]