中美在“南海行为准则”问题上的认知差异与政策互动  

Sino-American Cognitive Differences and Policy Interaction on the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea

作　　者：陈慈航[1,2] 孔令杰 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院 [2]武汉大学国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心 [3]武汉大学国家领土主权海洋权益协同创新中心

出　　处：《东南亚研究》2018年第3期81-107,155-156,共27页Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：武汉大学人文社会科学自主科研青年项目"南海非传统安全多边合作机制构建:可行性;现实困难与解决路径"(2017QN001);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金

摘　　要：本轮"南海行为准则"磋商部分源于中美南海战略竞争加剧的状况,也是近年来中美南海博弈的重要议题。中美两国对"准则"的认知受其议题身份、利益关切和政策偏好的影响而存在诸多差异,并在基于本国认知向东盟各国施加影响,展开一系列政策互动,以塑造协商进程。两国政策互动呈现出以竞争性互动为基本属性、非直接与非对称互动为主要模式、主导议题为核心目标、身份认同为互动效果的基本特点。历经三个阶段的互动与博弈,中国极大程度上排除了域外干扰并掌握"准则"磋商的主动权。特朗普政府对"准则"问题的干预以舆论唱衰、串联域外大国为主要趋势,中国应在"准则"协商中进一步构建负责任大国的身份,推动南海走向海上良序,并合理管控中美南海分歧与竞争。This Round consultation on a Code of Conduct in the South China Sea partly originates from the intensification of strategic competition between U. S. and China in the South China Sea,which is also an important issue in the South China Sea game in recent years. The cognition of China and the U. S. are influenced by their issue identity,interest concerns and policy preference,which are differences in many ways. Both countries have been seeking to influence the process and outcome of the consultation and launching a series of policy interactions which is based on their respective cognition.China has greatly eliminated extraterritorial interference and grasped the initiative of the consultations on this issue through three stages of interaction and game. The policy interaction between the two countries presents four major features,which are: competitive interaction as the basic attribute,non-direct and asymmetric interaction as the main model,leading the consultation is the core objectives,identity is the basic characteris-tic of the effect of interaction. Publishing opinion sings down the Code of Conduct consultation and colluding extraterritorial power are two main trends of the intervention of Trump administration on this issue. China should further build the identity of a responsible major country,construct the good order of the South China Sea and manage the differences and competition between the two countries in this region reasonably in the process of future consultation of the Code of Conduct.

关 键 词：南海问题 大国竞争 中美关系 南海行为准则 特朗普政府 东盟 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]