明清时期关中地区冰雹灾害及其对气候变化响应研究  

Study on Hail Disaster and Its Response to Climatic Change in Guanzhong Area during Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：王朋[1] 张蓓蓓[1] 武悦萱 王苗苗 WANG Peng;ZHANG Bei-bei;WU Yue-xuan;WANG Miao-miao(Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation of Shaanxi Province /College of Geography and Environment,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721013,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省灾害监测与机理模拟重点实验室/宝鸡文理学院地理与环境学院,陕西宝鸡721013

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2018年第6期109-113,共5页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41601016);陕西省科技厅自然基金项目(2015JM4136);宝鸡文理学院重点项目(ZK2018025);陕西省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S201710721007)

摘　　要：利用关中地区冰雹灾害史料,探讨了明清时期关中地区冰雹灾害时间序列的变化特征。结果显示:明清时期关中地区共发生100次冰雹灾害,平均5.4年发生1次,轻度雹灾、中度雹灾、特大雹灾分别发生了48、36、16次;冰雹灾害在农历4月发生频次最高,其次是6、7、5和3月,春季和夏季多发,秋季和冬季少发;明清时期关中地区冰雹灾害年际分布不均,整体呈现波动变化,第一阶段(1368~1531年)和第三阶段(1672~1731年)是冰雹灾害频发阶段,第二阶段(1532~1671年)和第四阶段(1732~1911年)是冰雹灾害少发阶段,冰雹灾害存在66、44、20、4 a四类时间尺度下的变化周期;明清时期关中地区冰雹灾害对气候冷暖干湿变化有较好对应关系,偏冷期,冰雹灾害发生频次低,偏暖期,冰雹灾害发生频次高。15世纪气候整体偏寒冷干燥,冰雹灾害发生频次较少。By collecting the historical data of hail disasters in Guanzhong area,the change characteristics of hail disaster time series in Guanzhong area during the Ming and Qing dynasties were explored. The results showed that total 100 times of hail disasters occurred in Guanzhong area during the Ming and Qing dynasties,once every 5. 4 years in average,and the occurrence frequency of mild hail disaster,moderate hail disaster and heavy hail disaster was 48 times,36 times and 16 times,respectively.The hail disaster occurred most frequently in April of the lunar calendar,followed by June,July,May and March,and it occurred frequently in spring and summer,less in autumn and winter. During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the annual hail disaster in Guanzhong area was unevenly distributed,and generally exhibited fluctuating changes： it occurred frequently at the first stage（ the year 1368～ 1531） and the third stage（ 1672 ～ 1731）; while it occurred fewly at the second stage（ 1532 ～ 1671） and the fourth stage（ 1732 ～ 1911）. The occurrence of hail disaster had the change periods of 66 a,44 a,20 a,and 4 a. The hail disaster in Guanzhong area during the Ming and Qing dynasties well responded to the climatic changes： its occurrence frequencey was low in paritally cold period,and was high in partially warm period; it occurred less in the 15 th century with relatively cold and dry climate.

关 键 词：关中地区 冰雹灾害 气候变化 小波分析 

分 类 号：S427[农业科学—植物保护]