宪制变迁中的美国国务卿——从政治宪法学的视角考察  

United States Secretary of State in the Constitutional History——From the Perspective of Political Constitution

作　　者：唐飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第4期151-162,共12页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：美国外交事务由国务卿这个特殊称谓的职位掌管,但国务卿不仅仅是美国政府的外交部长,还有着特殊的宪制地位。国务卿在美国宪制中的特殊地位既有普通法上的悠久历史渊源,可以上溯至英国现代国家构建初期的中央集权化过程;又有美国宪法发展史上的具体历史情境,经历了建国、内战和新政等不同历史阶段的发展,最终在当代定型为专业化的外交职务。国务卿宪制地位的变化实际上反映了美国立宪两百余年中的国家建构过程与宪制调适的历程,这种历史变迁体现了美国宪法中的灵活性和实用主义原则。The U.S.foreign affairs were taken charge of by the Secretary of State,which was a special position both principally concerned with foreign policy and conducts constitutional functions beyond the executive cabinet.Origins of the unique status of the Secretary of State could be traced back to the centralization in state building of England in the early history of common law.The transformation of the U.S.Secretary of State passed through different historical eras such as Foundation,Civil War and New Deal.The transformation of the Secretary of State was a vital part of the state building and constitutional reform,which reflected the principles of flexibility and pragmatism in the constitutional history of America.

关 键 词：国务卿 内阁制 宪制变迁 国家构建 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD911