后税费时代乡村治理问题与治理措施——基于文献的讨论  

The Problem and Anti-Problem Strategy of Rural Governance in the Post-agricultural Tax Era:A Literature-Based Discussion

作　　者：吴蓉 施国庆[1] WU Rong;SHI Guoqing

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2018年第6期117-128,共12页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“移民工程的跨学科研究”(编号:13&ZD172)

摘　　要：伴随农业税费的取消,我国乡村由农业税费时期进入后税费时代,然而乡村治理却出现了新一轮的问题。基于文献,本文梳理出后税费时代基层政权面临治理资源内卷化、公共服务缺位化、驻村干部离村化等问题;基层组织面临制度运行形式化、干群关系离心化和乡村治理谋私化等问题;农民群体面临集体合作困难化、参与治理冷漠化和刁民群体主流化等问题。而造成问题的成因主要有基层政权异化为高谋利型、维稳型和悬浮型角色,行为异化为频繁运用私权手段、选择性治理和不出事不作为的逻辑;基层组织异化为去政治化、不在场的角色,行为异化为硬指标化、怕得罪的逻辑;农民群体异化为原子化、边缘化和灰化角色,行为异化为不配合、消极者和谋利型上访的逻辑。基于后税费时代问题表征和成因的分析,本文提出在新时代乡村振兴时期应加强对基层政权权力的监控、重新定位基层政权的职能、规范基层干部的行政行为;健全乡村基层组织的治理体系、转变村干部观念和职能、搭好基层组织乡村振兴的班子;重塑农民集体化观念、调动农民全方位参与积极性、建立农民权利义务关联纽带。With the cancellation of agricultural taxes and fees,China＇s rural areas from the agricultural tax period into the post-tax period,but Chinese countryside is facing a new round of governance crisis.Based on literature,it combs that the grass-roots regime faces many crises,including the involution of governance resources,the vacancy of public services,the delocalization of village cadres and so on.Grass-root organization is confronted with many crises,including the formalization of system operation,the decentralization of the relationship between cadres and the masses,and the corruption of rural governance and so on.And the peasant group faces these crises,such as the difficulty of collective cooperation,the indifference of participation in governance,and the mainstream of unruly group and so on.The main causes of the crisis are： grassroots regimes dissimilate into the role of pursuing high profit,stability and suspension,whose behaviors alienate into the logic of frequent use of private rights,selective governance and no accident.The role of grassroots organizations dissimilates into depoliticized,absence and grey forces,which the logic of their behavior alienates as hard index,fear of offending,black deterioration.The peasant group is alienated into the role of atomized,marginalized and black and evil forces,which their logic of behavior dissimilates into disharmony,negativity and profit seeking.The rural vitalization strategy put forward by the19 th CPC National Congress is not only a new development opportunity for rural society,at the same time,it is also an opportunity and an important grasp to solve the crisis of rural governance in the post-tax era.Therefore,based on the analysis of the crisis in the post-tax era,the author puts forward that in the period of rural revitalization,it should be strengthened the monitoring of the power of the grass-roots and re-position the functions of the grassroots regime.Standardizing the administrative behavior of cadres at the grass-roots level and improving the gove

关 键 词：乡村治理问题 乡村振兴战略 基层政权 乡村基层组织 农民 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学]