大兴安岭呼中地区3种林分的群落特征、物种多样性差异及其耦合关系  

Differences in community characteristics,species diversity,and their coupling associations among three forest types in the Huzhong area,Daxinganling mountains

作　　者：张建宇 王文杰[1,2] 杜红居 仲召亮[1,2] 肖路 周伟 张波[1] 王洪元 ZHANG Jianyu;WANG Wenjie;DU Hongju;ZHONG Zhaoliang;XIAO Lu;ZHOU Wei;ZHANG Bo;WANG Hongyuan(Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology of Ministry of Eclacation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学森林植物生态学教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150040 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102

出　　处：《生态学报》2018年第13期4684-4693,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：十三五重点研发项目专题(2016YFA0600802);科技基础性工作专项(2014FY110600)

摘　　要：准确理解天然林林分群落特征及其与物种多样性耦合关系是提升天然林管理、达到多样性保护的关键。选择大兴安岭呼中地区典型落叶松林、杂木林、白桦落叶松林为研究对象,分别对乔木层、灌木层和草本层特征(高度、胸径、冠幅、盖度等)进行调查并计算丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数,旨在探究林分间差异及其耦合关系变化。结果表明:(1)乔木层的树高、枝下高表现出杂木林>落叶松林>白桦落叶松(P<0.05);落叶松林的胸径比白桦落叶松林和杂木林的高出6%和11%;灌木层的高度、盖度、地径、冠幅和草本层多度、盖度、高度在森林类型间均未表现出显著差异。(2)3个森林类型的乔、灌、草丰富度指数R、Shannon-Wiener指数及Simpson指数均表现出杂木林最大,乔木层和草本层呈相同规律,即杂木林>白桦落叶松林>落叶松林,而灌木层表现出杂木林>落叶松林>白桦落叶松林;白桦落叶松林和杂木林的乔木层均匀度Pielou指数和Alatalo指数约为落叶松林的3倍左右,而在灌木层和草本层在森林类型间差异不显著(P>0.05)。(3)典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明林分群落特征和生物多样性关系存在明显森林类型间差异。总体表现为灌木特征(冠幅、地径)、草本层特征(盖度、多度和高度)对多样性均有较大影响;白桦落叶松林和杂木林的胸径对多样性影响明显,而落叶松林的乔木高度(树高、枝下高)对多样性影响较大。杂木林随着灌木盖度、草本高度的增加,草本物种多样性降低、乔木多和灌木物种多样性增加;而落叶松林相同的多样性变化多伴随草本高度增加、多度和盖度变小。灌木层物种多样性增加多与乔木和草本物种多样性降低相伴随,在杂木林中同时伴随着乔木胸径和草本的盖度、多度增大、灌木冠幅变小,而白桦落叶松林则伴随灌木冠幅和草本多度盖度的减小。以上�Exploring the differences and coupling relationships of species diversity and stand characteristics could provide data with which to improve biodiversity and ecological services of natural forests. In this study, three typical communities of larch forest, shaw （mixed forest with various tree species）, and birch-larch forest were selected at Huzhong in the Daxinganling mountains for measuring stand characteristics （height, diameter at breast height[DBH], crown width, coverage, and others）, richness index, diversity indexes, and evenness indexes of the arbor layer, shrub layer, and herb layer. Canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） was used to uncover their differing associations among forest types, together with a multiple analysis of variance to detect the inter-forest differences. The results showed that （1） the height and clear tree bole height of the arbor layer differed with shaw 〉 larch forest 〉 birch-larch forest （P 〈 0.05）; DBH of the larch forest was 6% and 11% higher than that in the birch-larch forest and the shaw, respectively. There were no significant differences in the shrub layer in the parameters of height, canopy coverage, ground diameter, crown width, as well as in the herb layer for species abundance, herb coverage, and herb height. （2） The maximum species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, and Simpson index of the arbor layer, shrub layer, and herb layer all occurred in the shaw relative to the larch forest and the birch-larch forest. Moreover, the herb layer showed the same pattern as in the arbor layer, i.e., shaw 〉 birch-larch forest 〉 larch forest; however, the shrub layer exhibited a different order, with shaw 〉 larch forest 〉 birch-larch forest. The species evenness of the arbor layer in the birch-larch forest and shaw were approximately three times that of the larch forest; however, there was no significant difference in the shrub layer and the herb layer （P 〉 0.05）. （3） CCA showed that the correspondence associations between community chara

关 键 词：物种多样性 林分群落特征 耦合关系 CCA分析 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]