广东省2006—2016年宝石加工行业新发职业性尘肺病特征分析  

Analysis on the characteristics of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis in gem processing industries in Guangdong Province,2006-2016

作　　者：温翠菊[1] 温贤忠[1] 周珊宇[1] 李荣宗[1] 徐海娟[1] WEN Cuiju;WEN Xianzhong;ZHOU Shanyu;LI Rongzong;XU Haijuan(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatmen;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, Chin)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院广东省职业病防治重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2018年第3期308-311,315,共5页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81602804);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAI12B01);国家临床重点专科建设项目(2011-09);广东省医学科研基金(B2016017);广东省职业病防治重点实验室(2017B030314152)

摘　　要：目的分析广东省宝石加工行业2006—2016年新发尘肺病的发病特征。方法收集职业病网络直报系统中广东省2006—2016年确诊的宝石加工行业新发尘肺病病例资料,按尘肺病病种、地区、行业、企业特征等进行分析。结果 2006—2016年广东省宝石加工行业新发尘肺病202例;新发病例数量在2008年达到高峰后,呈总体下降趋势。202例病例中,矽肺192例(占95.0%),其他尘肺9例(占4.5%),电焊工尘肺1例(占0.5%);尘肺病壹期143例(占70.8%),贰期44例(占21.8%),叁期15例(占7.4%);男性196例(占97.0%),女性6例(占3.0%);平均诊断年龄为(36.3±0.4)岁,接尘工龄中位数为9.6年。病例集中于珠江三角洲地区(占86.1%),以珠宝首饰及有关物品制造业行业为主(占94.6%),且多见于港澳台经济、私人经济企业(共占94.1%),以及大型和小型企业(共占72.2%)。38.2%(21/55)的企业发生2例及以上病例,其中3家企业新发病例数超过10例。发病工种以磨钻工、切粒工、雕刻工和切石工为主。结论广东省宝石加工行业新发尘肺病呈下降趋势,但潜在群体性发病风险,应加强该行业粉尘危害防治工作。Objective To analyze the characteristics of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis in gem processing industries in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2016.Methods Data from Direct Reporting System for Occupational Disease Network in the gem processing industries in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2016 were collected and analyzed according to pneumoconiosis disease category, regions, industry and enterprise characteristics.Results There were 202 new diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases in gem processing industry in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2016,which showed a general decline trend after peaking in 2008.Among 202 cases,192 cases（ 95.0%） were silicosis,9 cases（ 4.5%） were other pneumoconiosis,1 case（ 0.5%） was welder pneumoconiosis; 143 cases（ 70.8%） were stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis,44 cases（ 21.8%） were stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis,15 cases（ 7.4%） were stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis; 196 cases（ 97.0%）were male and 6 cases（ 3.0%） were female.The mean age for diagnosis was（ 36.3 ± 0.4） years,and the median dust exposure duration was 9.6 years.There was 86.1% of cases centered at the Pearl River Delta region and 94.6% of cases working in jewelry and related goods manufacture industry,which were more commonly from Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan and private own economy enterprises（ 94.1%）,as well as large and small enterprises（ 72.2%）.There was 38.2%（ 21/55） of the enterprises reporting 2 or more cases,of which 3 enterprises had more than 10 new cases.The job titles of these cases were mainly drilling,cutting,sculpturing and stone cutting.Conclusion The prevalence of pneumoconiosis in gem processing industries in Guangdong showed a decreasing tendency, but there is a potential risk of group onset of pneumoconiosis.The prevention and control procedures for dust hazard should be strengthened in gem processing industries.

关 键 词：宝石加工 尘肺病 矽肺 发病特征 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]