铅作业工人职业卫生知信行对血铅影响  

The influence of occupational health knowledge-attitude-practice on blood lead level in lead-exposed workers

作　　者：王庚[1] 马晓明[1] 史春波[1] 李岳[1] 姬红蓉 康海丽[1] 雷红彦[1] 吴扬帆[1] 刘治华[1] WANG Geng;MA Xiaoming;SHI Chunbo;LI Yue;JI Hongrong;KANG Haili;LEI Hongyan;WU Yangfan;LIU Zhihua(Qinghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China)

机构地区：[1]青海省疾病预防控制中心,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2018年第3期321-324,共4页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：青海省卫生厅2012年医药卫生科研指导性计划课题(青卫科[2013]3号)

摘　　要：目的了解铅作业工人职业卫生知信行现状及其对血铅的影响。方法采用整群抽样的方法,选取冶炼行业接触铅危害的一线作业人员351人为研究对象,采集其周围静脉血检测血铅水平,采用自行设计的《铅作业人员职业卫生知信行调查问卷》进行问卷调查。结果研究对象中,145人血铅超标(≥600μg/L),超标率为41.3%。职业卫生知识、态度、行为3个维度得分正确率分别为25.1%、45.3%和15.7%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,工作中不按规定佩戴个人防护用品、下班后回家前不洗澡并更换衣服、饭前不漱口及洗手、在工作岗位上吸烟及进食4个行为因素均是血铅超标的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论不良的职业行为习惯可导致作业人员血铅超标的风险升高。Objective To comprehend the status of knowledge-attitude-practice（ KAP） and its effect on blood lead in workers exposed to lead.Methods Three hundred and fifty-one first-line lead exposed workers in the smelting industry were chosen as study subjects by cluster sampling method.Blood lead levels in peripheral venous blood were detected.Questionnaire survey was conducted by self-compiled Questionnaire of Knowledge-attitude-practice on Occupational Health in Lead Workers.Results Among the study subjects,145 workers had abnormal blood lead level（ ≥600 μg/L）,the abnormal rate was 41.3%.The correct scoring rate in occupational knowledge,attitude,and practice were 25.1%,45.3% and 15.7%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the four risk factors of high blood lead level were wearing no personal protective equipment,not bathing and changing clothes before returning home,not gargling and washing hands before meals,smoking and eating in workplace.Conclusion Poor occupational behaviors can increase the risk of high blood lead level in lead exposed workers.

关 键 词：铅 工人 职业卫生 知信行 血铅 影响因素 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]