某医学院校学生无偿献血动机及影响因素分析  

Analysis of voluntary blood donation motivation and its determinants among students in one medical school

作　　者：苏丽丽 李忠[2] 赵轶伦[3] 王梦圆[1] 林振平[1] 蔡旭兵[3] 屠小明[4] 曾彦英 SU Lili;LI Zhong;ZHAO Yilun;LIN Zhenping;CAI Xubing;TU Xiaoming;ZENG Yanying(School of Medical Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 21H66, China;School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology;Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center;School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University;the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University.)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学医政学院,江苏南京211166 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院医药卫生管理学院 [3]南京红十字血液中心 [4]南京医科大学基础医学院 [5]南京医科大学第一附属医院

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2018年第5期527-530,共4页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金“区域性血液资源需求预测与保障供应措施的研究”(BK2012529);南京市医药卫生科研课题“基于保护动机理论的无偿献血者献血动机研究”(YKK12159);南京医科大学科技发展重点基金“区域性临床用血需求的预测模型研究”(2014NJMUZD017)

摘　　要：目的了解某医科院校大学生关于无偿献血的动机及其影响因素,为针对性地干预大学生献血行为,扩大并稳定大学生无偿献血者队伍提供参考。方法以自行开发的《无偿献血动机评价量表》为研究工具,于2014—2015年2次学校集体献血期间,对该校649名大学生进行现场问卷调查。采用描述性统计分析比较未献血的原因,采用独立样本t检验比较献血者和非献血者在献血动机各因子上的差异,通过logistic回归分析探索献血动机对献血行为影响的差异。结果 1）未参与献血的主要原因依次为：工作学习太忙（23.3%）、对血液采集过程感到恐惧（23.1%）、从没想过要去献血（12.9%）等;2）献血者的压力（P〈0.001）、内部奖励（P〈0.05）、外部奖励（P〈0.05）、自我效能（P〈0.001）因子得分显著高于非献血者,恐惧水平（P〈0.05）低于非献血者;3）Logistic回归分析表明恐惧、自我效能、外部奖励为影响大学生无偿献血的主要因素。结论采血机构需进一步提高献血服务的质量,缓解献血过程的恐惧感,有针对性地调整无偿献血的激励政策,并开展相应的宣教活动,促进大学生加入无偿献血队伍。Objective To understand the motivation and influencing factors of voluntary blood donation among the students in one medical school and thus providing references to expand and stabilize the student voluntary blood donation group. Methods Based on the self-developed Voluntary Blood Donation Motivation Scale, a questionnaire field study was carried out among 649 students in the university with follow-up visits. Descriptive statistics was applied to analyze the cause of donation refusion. The differences of the blood donation motivations between blood donors and non-donors were compared by independent t-tests. The logistic regression was applied to analyze the differences in blood donation behavior caused by motivations. Results 1 ） The main causes of not participating in blood donation were much occupied by work/study loads （ 23. 3%）, the fear towards the donation process （ 23. 1%） and the unawareness of blood donation（ 12. 9% ） ; 2） The blood donor group scored higher the following criteria： the external pressure（ t = 4. 829, P〈0. 001 ）, internal rewards（ t = 2. 054, P〈 0. 05 ）, external rewards （ t = 2. 462, P〈0. 05）, and self-reliance （ t = 5. 630, P〈0. 001 ）. On the other hand, they scored lower in the vulnerability（t = 2. 654, P〈0. 05） segment compared to the non-donors. That being said, only the scores in the external pressure and self-reliance segments presented statistical significance between the two groups; 3） Logistic regression analysis results suggested that vulnerability, self-reliance and external rewards were the main influencing factors of university student blood donation. Conclusion Concerned organizations should improve service quality to ease the fear towards the blood donation process. Incentive measures of voluntary blood donation, in particular, need to be adjusted and education campaigns should be conducted to recruit university students as blood donors.

关 键 词：医学生 无偿献血 动机 影响因素 

分 类 号：R193.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R457.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]