基于几何形态学方法的秦巴山区中华蜜蜂翅形态变异研究  

Geometric analysis of morphological variation in the wing of Apis cerana cerana from the Qinling-Daba Mountain Areas

作　　者：邱立飞 魏朝明 王俊杰 刘红霞 赵白雪 张彧 廉振民 QIU Li-Fei;WEI Zhao-Ming;WANG Jun-Jie;LIU Hong-Xia;ZHAO Bai-Xue;ZHANG Yu;LIAN Zhen-Min(Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi＇an 710119, China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学生命科学学院药用资源与天然药物化学教育部重点实验室,西安710119

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2018年第3期503-513,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金(2015SF251);2016年国家大学生创新创业训练创新子项目(cx16027;cx16118)

摘　　要：【目的】本研究拟揭示陕西省秦巴山区的中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana翅形态变异规律,为研究中华蜜蜂种下形态分化提供依据。【方法】基于几何形态测量学方法对陕西省秦巴山区17个样地的中华蜜蜂前翅进行量化分析,并结合主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)、典型变量分析(Canonical variate analysis,CVA)、薄板样条分析(Thin-plate spline,TPS)等方法探讨该地区中华蜜蜂形态分化规律及影响因素。【结果】不同采样地的中华蜜蜂种群在翅大小上存在显著性差异,同时翅大小与所处地理位置存在显著的相关性。前翅形态变异主成分分析结果显示来自秦岭北坡的5个种群与秦岭南坡以及巴山地区的种群在PC1方向上存在一定的分化。TPS分析结果显示北坡5个采样地种群具有较宽的翅。马氏距离和普氏距离结果均显示秦岭北坡种群与秦岭南坡种群以及巴山种群之间均存在显著性差异,且秦岭南坡种群与巴山种群之间的差异较小。普氏距离随着地理距离的增大而变大,但南北坡之间存在一定的差异。【结论】翅大小与其所处地理位置存在明显的相关性,海拔和纬度上的差异是造成翅大小变化的主要因素。处于秦岭北坡的种群与秦岭南坡以及巴山地区中华蜜蜂种群出现一定程度的翅脉形态分化。[Objectives] To analyze morphological variation in Apis cerana cerana in the Qinling-Daba Mountain Regions of Shaanxi Province in order to provide evidence for further studies on the evolution of this species. [Methods] Geometric morphometric methods, including Principal Component Analysis, Canonical Variate Analysis and Thin-plate splines, were used to analyze wing variation in 17 A. c. cerana populations from the Qinling-Daba Mountain Areas in Shaanxi. [Results] Wing size of A. c. cerana was significantly different among populations and there was a significant correlation between wing size and geographic location. The forewing shape of southern groups obviously clustered together on the positive PC1 axis, whereas that of northern groups clustered on the negative PC1 axis. Thin-plate spline analysis showed that southern and northern groups differ in wing shape. Significance testing for morphological differences among populations based on Mahalanobis and Procrustes distances indicate significant differences between southern and northern groups, and between northern and Bashan groups. However, the differences between southern and Bashan groups were distinctly smaller than those between the other groups. The correlation between Procrustes distance and geographic distance in southern and northern groups was positive, but there were differences in the degree of correlation. [Conclusion] A. c. cerana wing size varies geographically and altitude and latitude appear to be major factors affecting wing size. A. c. cerana populations from the northern Qinling Mountains differ to a certain degree in wing shape from those from the southern Qinling Mountains and the Daba Mountains.

关 键 词：中华蜜蜂 秦巴山区 几何形态测量学 

分 类 号：S891.2[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]