观念与制度:魏晋十六国时期的“杂胡”与“杂户”  

Idea and System:The Other Barbarians(Za-Huns) and the Other Household(Za-Hu) in 3-5 Centuries

作　　者：鲁西奇[1] LU Xiqi

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院

出　　处：《思想战线》2018年第4期35-49,共15页Thinking

摘　　要："杂胡"之"杂",其初是在胡人(匈奴)种群中占据主导地位的种类部落,对于地位较低的、规模较小的种类部落的称谓,意为"其他的""较小的"。汉人沿用了这种观念与分划方式,遂有"杂胡"之称。随着"胡"所指称的范围逐步扩大,"杂胡"遂成为建立政权的某一胡族对其所控制的其他胡族的称谓。"杂户"则是一种户籍类别,在十六国诸胡族政权下,用于指称建立政权的胡人之外的其他各种夷胡户。统领杂户的机构是护军。护军制取消后,杂户乃逐步演变为普通的编户。站在汉人立场上对胡人种群的分划,在结构上来自胡人种群对于自身的分划。人群分划的观念性范畴乃是制度性人群分划的基础,制度性的人群分划则将其所分划的人群固定下来。无论是人群分划的观念性范畴,还是制度性规定,都是由掌握权力的、占据主导或统治地位的种群及其权力集团所决定的。The ＂Others＂（ Za） of ＂ Other Barbarians＂（ Za-Huns）,was the appellation of the smaller,lower tribes of Huns,originally been given by the dominant,powerful and senior adjective tribes of Huns in Han Dynasties and before. This concept and mode had been continued to use by the Han people（ Chinese）. With the expansion of scope of ＂Huns ＂（ Barbarians）, the ＂Other Barbarians＂（ Za-Huns） gradually evolved into the appellation of other barbarians had been ruled by the power nation in the sixteen states. The other household（ Za-Hu） was a kind of household registers,indicated the national accounts originally from Other Barbarians bad been ruled by the power nation in the sixteen states. The administration ruled the other household was called Hu-Jun. As cancelling of Hu-Jun system,the other household gradually evolved into the ordinary household. The structure of division of barbarian groups standing on the position of Han people,originally from the barbarians for their own division. The Other Barbarian is a kind of ideas,and the Other Household is a kind of institutional provision. The ideas about population division would be foundation of institutional population division,and the system of population division could fix the population division. Whether the conceptual category of population division,or the institutional provisions,were determined by the power nations and power groups.

关 键 词：“杂胡” “杂户” 人群分划 魏晋十六国时期 

分 类 号：K235[历史地理—历史学]