基于光量子态避错及容错传输的量子通信  

Quantum error rejection and fault tolerant quantum communication

作　　者：邓富国[1] 李熙涵 李涛 Deng Fu-Guo;Li Xi-Han;Li Tao(Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学物理学系,北京100875 [2]重庆大学物理系,重庆400044 [3]南京理工大学理学院,南京210094

出　　处：《物理学报》2018年第13期1-15,共15页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号：11674033,11574038)资助的课题

摘　　要：量子通信以量子态为信息载体在远距离的通信各方之间传递信息,因此量子态的传输和远距离共享是量子通信的首要步骤.信道噪声不仅会影响通信效率还可能被窃听者利用从而威胁通信安全,对抗信道噪声是实现安全高效量子通信亟需解决的问题.本文介绍基于光量子态的两类对抗信道噪声的实用方法——量子态的避错传输和容错的量子通信,包括对抗噪声的基本原理和两种方法的代表性方案,并从资源消耗和可操作性的角度分析了方案的实用价值.Quantum communication utilizes the quantum state as information carrier. The transmission of quantum states is therefore a precondition for various quantum communication protocols. Photons play a central role in quantum communication since they are fast, cheap, easy to control and interact weakly with the environment. However, the widely used polarization degree of freedom of photons is vulnerable to the noise during the transmission. In this article, we review two main methods to deal with the channel noise, i.e., the quantum error rejection scheme and fault tolerant quantum communication. To transmit an arbitrary single-photon state, Li and Deng proposed two faithful state transmission schemes only by resorting to passive linear optics. The success probability can be（2^（N＋1）-1）/2^（N＋1） by introducing a wave splitter composed of N unbalance interferometers. Compared with other quantum error rejection schemes, these two scheme are practical both in maneuverability and resource consumption. They are not only suitable for single-photon pure state transmission but also able to be used for transmitting mixed state, which makes them useful for one-way quantum communication. The success probability of error rejection is usually less than 100% since some error cases are rejected. To realize complete fault tolerant quantum communication, decoherence free subspace can be used to encode quantum information. In 2008, Li et al. proposed two efficient quantum key distribution schemes over two different collective-noise channels. The noiseless subspaces are made up of two Bell states and the spatial degree of freedom is introduced to form two nonorthogonal bases. Although entangled states are employed, only single-photon measurements are required to read the information. Later, the scheme is generalized to an efficient one which transmits n-1 bits information via n Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs and many fault tolerant quantum communication schemes were proposed. We compare the practicality of different anti-noi

关 键 词：光量子态 联合噪声 避错传输 容错量子通信 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理] TN918[理学—物理]