秦岭南坡短柄枹栎种子雨动态变化及蛀食昆虫寄生特征  

Seed Rain Dynamic Change of Quercus glanduliferain the South Slopes of Qinling Mountains and Parasitic Characteristics of Pests

作　　者：王昱森 王京[2] WANG Yu-sen;WANG Jing(Laizhou No. 1 Senior High School, Laizhou, Shandong 261400;Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi＇an, Shaanxi 710032)

机构地区：[1]山东省莱州市第一中学,山东莱州261400 [2]陕西省动物研究所,西安710032

出　　处：《陕西林业科技》2018年第2期19-22,共4页Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology

基　　金：陕西省科学院科技计划项目(2015K-26)

摘　　要：植物种子雨是植物生活史中最为关键的阶段之一,也是植物种群生态学研究的重要内容之一。为了解壳斗科植物短柄枹栎(Quercus glandulifera)的种子雨动态过程及昆虫寄生特征,于2011-2013年在秦岭南坡佛坪国家自然保护区,对短柄枹栎种子雨下落过程及昆虫寄生特征进行了野外调查。结果表明:(1)短柄枹栎种子雨下落过程主要经历了起始期、高峰期和末期三个阶段,起始期主要在8月中下旬开始,高峰期主要集中在9月下旬至10月中上旬,随后种子雨下落数量逐渐减少,进入末期,11月中下旬下落结束。(2)3年间短柄枹栎种子雨密度和种子产量间存在显著差异,表明短柄枹栎也存在种子产量大小年现象,根据种子雨密度和种子产量大小变化情况,我们推测2011和2013年是短柄枹栎种子产量相对大年,2012是种子产量相对小年。(3)短柄枹栎种子雨下落过程中,败育种子的下落初期和高峰期较完好种子略提前下落,这或许是植物适应动物捕食的一种自我防御机制。(4)短柄枹栎的虫蛀率与种子产量间有一定的关系,即在种子产量较低年份虫蛀率有升高趋势,反之有降低趋势,这可能是植物应对昆虫捕食者等的一种防御策略。Seed rain as one of the most critical stages of plant life is one of the important contents of plant population ecology research.In order to understand the dynamic change of seed rain and parasitic characteristic of insects,the seed rain process and parasitic characteristic of pests in Foping National Natural Reserve,Qinling Mountains were investigated in 2011,2012 and 2013.The results showed that：i）the seed rain process could be classified into three periods：initial period,peak period and end period.Initial period starts in the late August,peak period mainly concentrates from the late September to the early October,then seeds falling number reduces slowly and accesses to end period.The falling process is ended until late November;ii）there was significant difference in the seed rain density and the seed production of Quercus glandulifera among the three years,indicating that Quercus glandulifera also had high-yield seeding phenomenon.Based on seed rain density and seed production,we speculated 2011 and 2013 were the most yield seed year,and 2012 was lower seed production year;iii）in the seed rain process of Quercus glandulifera,the initial period and peak period of abortive seeds area little earlier than intact seeds,probably causing by a defense mechanism to pests;iv）there was a certain relationship between the pest infestation rate and the seed production of Quercusglandulifera,the pest infestation rate of seeds has a rising trend in the lower seed production year,and vice versa.

关 键 词：短柄枹栎 种子雨 种子产量 昆虫寄生 

分 类 号：S792.189[农业科学—林木遗传育种]