量子通信研究进展与应用  

Progress and applications of quantum communications

作　　者：龙桂鲁[1,2,3] 盛宇波 殷柳国[3,5] LONG Gui-Lu;SHENG Yu-Bo;YIN Liu-Guo(State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics,Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084,China;Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology,Beijing 100084,China;College of Telecommunications ＆ Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003,China;School of Information Science and Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学物理系低维量子物理国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]量子物质科学协同创新中心,北京100084 [3]北京信息科学与技术国家研究中心,北京100084 [4]南京邮电大学通信与信息工程学院,南京210003 [5]清华大学信息科学技术学院,北京100084

出　　处：《物理》2018年第7期413-417,共5页Physics

摘　　要：量子通信利用量子信道进行信息的编码、传输和处理,具有安全性高和信道容量高等特点。量子保密通信以信息安全为主要目的,包括量子密钥分发、量子安全直接通信和量子秘密共享等模式。利用量子纠缠,量子隐形传态根据事先已经分发的纠缠粒子对实现不传输实物粒子而传输未知粒子的状态,量子密集编码通过传输一个粒子而实现两个粒子信息的传输,这些是经典通信无法实现的任务。文章简单介绍量子通信的内容和进展情况。In quantum communication, information or signals are transmitted and processed quantum mechanically, with the advantages of high security and high capacity. The main objective of quantum secure communication is to protect the security of information. Quantum secure communication, or quantum cryptography, includes quantum key distribution, quantum secure direct communication, quantum secret sharing, and so on. With quantum entanglement,quantum teleportation can use prior distributed entangled pairs to transmit an unknown quantum state without transmitting the particle itself. Quantum dense coding can transmit the information encoded in two particles by just transmitting one particle. In classical communication, these tasks would be impossible. In this paper we briefly describe the current status of research in quantum communication.

关 键 词：量子通信 量子密钥分发 量子安全直接通信 量子秘密共享 量子隐形传态 量子密集编码 量子保密通信 量子密码学 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理] TN918[理学—物理]