欧盟输气管网平衡规则与实践  

EU natural gas network balancing and its practice

作　　者：张墨翰 周淑慧[2] 郭海涛[2] 梁严[1] ZHANG Mohan;ZHOU Shuhui;GUO Haitao;LIANG Yan(National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety, China University of Petroleum-Beijing;PetroChina Planning and Engineering Institute)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气管道输送安全国家工程实验室 [2]中国石油天然气股份有限公司规划总院

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2018年第6期48-58,共11页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：欧盟在输气管网第三方开放过程中颁布了包括管网平衡规范在内的一系列法律法规,为管网平衡提供了法律支撑。英国是最早进行市场化改革的国家,其管网平衡运营经验也最为丰富,其他国家纷纷效仿英国并结合输气系统实际情况制定了每日平衡机制或累计小时平衡机制。监管机构监管得力,运营商及时报送平衡信息,确保了商业决策的有效性和准确性。与欧盟相比,我国天然气管网商业平衡尚处于萌芽阶段。通过借鉴欧盟及英国、荷兰、比利时等典型国家的天然气管网平衡运行经验,提出推进我国管网平衡工作的四点建议:一是强化监管机构的职能作用,加快推进天然气产业链结构改革;二是加快储气设施投资建设,实现管网平衡资源多元化;三是加快天然气立法和相关配套规范性文件制定,实现管网平衡规范化;四是细化管输服务合同条款,依托交易中心形成市场化平衡机制。The EU has enacted a series of regulations and laws including gas balancing network code in the process third-party-access of gas network, which provided legal support for the balance of pipe network. The UK is the country, with the most extensive operating experience of gas network balancing that takes market liberalization reforms. Other European countries have followed the example of the UK mode and developed a daily balancing mechanism or a cumulative hour balancing mechanism combining the actual situation of the gas transmission system. Regulatory authorities did effectively, while the operators submit the necessary balancing information in time, ensuring the effectiveness and accuracy of commercial balancing decisions. Compared to EU, trade balance of China＇s gas network is still in its infancy. By taking reference from EU and experience of natural gas network balancing operation of such typical countries as Britain, the Netherlands, and Belgium, it puts forward 4 advices to improve China＇s gas network balancing： to strengthen the role of energy regulatory agency and promote reforms of the natural gas industry chain structure; to speed up the construction of natural gas infrastructure and realize the diversification of flexible gas balancing resources; to accelerate the legislative work of the gas transmission network ＆ its supporting regulatory documents and realize the standardization of the network balancing; to externalize and specify the terms of gas transmission service contracts and foster the commercial balancing mechanism gradually by means of relying on China＇s two major trading centers.

关 键 词：欧盟 输气管网 商业平衡 平衡模式 平衡措施 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济]