最大似然属性在断裂识别中的应用——以塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区热瓦普区块奥陶系走滑断裂的识别为例  

Application of maximum likelihood attribute to fault identification:A case study of Rewapu block in Halahatang area,Tarim Basin,NW China

作　　者：马德波[1,2] 赵一民 张银涛[3] 杨鹏飞[3] 杨敏[1] 李磊[4] Ma De-bo;Zhao Yi-min;Zhang Yin-tao;Yang Peng-fei;Yang Min;Li Lei(Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration ＆ Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China;China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company,Korla 841000,China;China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Company Limited Tianjin Branch,Tianjin 300457,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [2]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [3]中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院,新疆库尔勒841000 [4]中国石油管道局工程有限公司天津分公司,天津300457

出　　处：《天然气地球科学》2018年第6期817-825,共9页Natural Gas Geoscience

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司勘探与生产分公司科技课题"塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩成藏条件研究及勘探目标优选"(编号:kt2017-02-03)资助

摘　　要：断裂是重要的油气储集空间和渗流通道,控制着油气藏形成与分布。断裂的精细刻画是油气藏勘探开发的关键环节。利用最大似然属性进行哈拉哈塘地区热瓦普区块奥陶系走滑断裂识别,取得良好的应用效果。最大似然属性是通过对整个地震数据体扫描计算数据样点之间的相似性,获得研究区内断裂发育的最可能位置及概率,提升断裂刻画精度。关键步骤包括:(1)断裂的地震反射特征分析;(2)倾角控制下断裂成像加强;(3)最大似然属性的提取(Likelihood属性、Thin Likelihood属性);(4)属性切片的解译。热瓦普区块奥陶系走滑断裂的刻画证实最大似然属性刻画的断裂效果优于相干体,其中Likelihood属性对于分支断裂的刻画效果较好,Thin Likelihood属性对于分支断裂以及断裂带内部结构的刻画较为清楚,还对裂缝密集发育区的预测有一定的效果。Fault is an important reservoir space and percolation channel,which controls the formation and distribution of oil and gas reservoirs.The fine depiction of faults is the key step in the exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs.In this paper,the maximum likelihood attribute is applied in Rewapu block,Halahatang area,and it works well in identifying the Ordovician strike slip faults.The maximum likelihood attribute is to get the most probable location and probability of fault development in the study area by scanning the similarity between the seismic data points in the whole seismic volume,and improving the accuracy of fault identification.The key steps include：（1）Analysis of seismic reflection characteristics of faults;（2）Imaging enhancement for faults under the control of dip angle;（3）Extraction of maximum likelihood attribute（likelihood,thin likelihood）;（4）Interpretation of attribute slice.The case study in Rewapu block proves that fault distribution depicted by maximum likelihood attribute is better than that of coherence body.The likelihood attribute is better for the portrayal of branch fault,and thin likelihood attribute is more applicable to the depiction of the branch fault and the internal structure of the fault zone,and it also works well on the prediction of the fractured dense zone.

关 键 词：最大似然属性 LIKELIHOOD ThinLikelihood 断裂识别 哈拉哈塘地区 

分 类 号：TE121.2[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]