乙烯利诱使澳洲坚果落果的研究  

Research on Enhancing Abscission of Macadamia Nuts with Ethephon

作　　者：孔广红[1] 马静[1] 柳觐[1] 贺熙勇[1] 陈丽兰[1] 陶丽[1] 倪书邦[1] KONG Guang-hong;MA HE Xi-yong;CHEN Li-lan;Jing LIU Jin;TAO Li;NI Shu-bang(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Jinghong Yunnan 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第7期18-24,共7页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760215);云南农垦重点科技计划项目(2013NK02);云南省科研院所技术开发研究专项(2012CF014);热带作物生理生态实验室与分子病理实验室建设项目(2014DC014);云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项(RF2016-6)

摘　　要：针对澳洲坚果产业中存在的采收难、采收成本高的问题,进行澳洲坚果高效采收研究.以澳洲坚果推广种植品种"A16"为试验材料,喷施乙烯利混合溶液诱使其落果.进行了筛选pH值和筛选乙烯利适宜质量浓度的研究.结果表明:喷施调节pH值为7.0的乙烯利混合溶液落果率显著高于未调pH值的乙烯利溶液的落果率;喷施低质量浓度乙烯利混合溶液对果实脱落有显著的促进作用,但促脱落效果达不到高效采收要求;喷施质量浓度为1.6g/L,pH=7.0的乙烯利混合溶液2周后落果率达93.77%,满足高效采收的要求.喷施乙烯利混合溶液可以显著地提高澳洲坚果主栽品种"A16"的落果率,且不影响翌年开花、结果及产量.Difficult operation and high cost of nut harvesting is a hard problem faced by macadamia（Macadamia ternifolia F.Muell）industry.In order to solve this problem,two experiments were conducted in which ethephon was sprayed to induce fruit drop of the trees of macadamia cultivar‘A16＇.In one experiment,natural pH and pH 7.0 of the ethephon mixed solution were compared,and the results showed that the fruit drop rate of ethephon treatment with pH 7.0 was significantly higher than that of ethephon solution without pH adjustment.The other experiment was made to screen suitable concentration of the ethephon solution,and the results demonstrated that low-concentration ethephon solution spraying significantly promoted macadamia fruit abscission,but failed to meet the requirement of efficient nut harvesting and that ethephon spray with a pH of 7.0 and a concentration of 1.60 g/L gave a fruit abscission rate of93.77% 2 weeks after the treatment and satisfied the requirement of efficient nut harvesting.In conclusion,fruit abscission rate of macadamia cultivar‘A16＇increased significantly by spraying ethephon mixed solution without any negative effect on flowering,fruit bearing and yield in the coming year.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 乙烯利 “A16” 落果率 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]