退让与坚守:蒋介石在美台“共同防御条约”商签中的策略选择  

Concession and Perseverance: Chiang Kai-Shek's Strategic Choice in the Negotiation of the U.S.-Taiwan “Joint Defense Treaty”

作　　者：郝天豪 刘相平 Hao Tianhao;Liu Xiangping

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《台湾研究集刊》2018年第3期38-47,共10页Taiwan Research Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"十六大以来中国共产党与海峡两岸关系和平发展研究"(12BDJ022)

摘　　要：蒋介石及国民党集团败退台湾后,为了防卫和"生存",极力争取签订美台"共同防御条约"。面对强势的美国,蒋介石先是"以退为进",支持李承晚在朝鲜停战前与美国签订双边安全条约,"违心"宣示不要美国出兵助台"反攻大陆",保证未经美国同意不会"反攻大陆",同意该条约适用范围暂时不包括"沿海岛屿";后则"委曲求全",接受不平等的"共同协议"、弃守大陈岛,逐步达成该条约签订和生效的目标。然而,蒋介石始终坚持"反攻大陆"和反对"两个中国",使得美国"划峡而治"和制造"两个中国"的图谋破产。After the Kuomintang government headed by Chiang Kai-Shek retreated to Taiwan from the mainland,they were trying their best to sign the U.S.-Taiwan＂Joint Defense Treaty＂for defense and＂survival＂. Faced with the strong U.S.,Chiang Kai-Shek took the strategy of ＂retreat in order to advance＂. He supported Syngman Rhee to sign a bilateral security treaty with the U.S. before the armistice in Korea,declaring against his own will that he refused the U. S. to send troops to help Taiwan to ＂counterattack and retake the mainland ＂,guaranteeing that the mainland would not be ＂re-attacked＂without the consent of the U. S. and agreeing that the ＂coastal islands＂of China were out of the scope of the treaty. On the other hand,he ＂stooped to compromise＂over the unequal ＂Joint Agreement＂and gave up Dachen Island.However,despite all the compromises he made,Chiang Kai-Shek had insisted on ＂counterattacking the mainland＂and opposing the creation of ＂two Chinas＂,which led to the bankruptcy of the United States in their attempt to plot to＂govern separately by the Straits＂and create ＂two Chinas＂.

关 键 词：“共同防御条约” 蒋介石 反攻大陆 第一次台海危机 美台关系 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]