2015-2016年全国和高发省份伤寒、副伤寒流行病学分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid in provinces with high incidences and whole country,China,2015-2016

作　　者：阳波[1] 张静[2] 刘凤凤[2] 阚飙[1] 闫梅英[1] Yang Bo;Zhang Ying;Liu Fengfeng;Kan Biao;Yan Meiying(State Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所传染病预防控制国家重点实验室,北京102206 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制处,北京102206

出　　处：《疾病监测》2018年第5期407-412,共6页Disease Surveillance

摘　　要：目的分析2015-2016年伤寒、副伤寒法定报告病例数,了解全国及高发省份流行病学特点和变化趋势,为防控措施和策略的制定提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对网络直报系统中2015-2016年伤寒、副伤寒报告病例数进行分析。结果 2015-2016年全国共报告伤寒、副伤寒病例22 536例,死亡2例,年平均发病率为0.83/10万,较2014年的伤寒、副伤寒发病率下降18.63%。监测点共对14 465份血样标本进行培养,分离出菌株289株,阳性分离率为2.00%,伤寒与副伤寒之比为1.21∶1。病例均以农民和民工为主,其次为散居儿童和在校学生,伤寒、副伤寒发病率均以0~4岁组儿童最高(分别为1.70/10万和0.80/10万)。贵州、云南、广西、广东、浙江、湖南和新疆为疫情高发省份,非监测点病例数上升。结论 2015-2016年全国伤寒、副伤寒发病水平处于相对较低的状态,<10岁儿童是防控重点人群,伤寒菌成为优势菌型,应加强非监测点疫情监测。Objective To characterize the epidemiological trends of typhoid and paratyphoid in provinces with highincidences and in China,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of typhoid and paratyphoid.Methods Descriptiveepidemiological analysis was conducted by using the incidence data of typhoid and paratyphoid reported through NationalDisease Surveillance Information Reporting System from 2015 to 2016.Results A total of 22 536 typhoid and paratyphoidcases,including 2 deaths,were reported in China during this period. The annual incidence rate was 0.83/100 000,whichdropped by 18.63% compared with 2014. Among the reported cases,14 465 blood samples were collected,and 289 Salmonellaspp. strains were isolated with an isolation rate of 2.00%. The clinical diagnosis ratio of typhoid to paratyphoid was 1.21∶1. Themajority of the cases were farmers and migrant workers,followed by young and school aged children. The incidence rates oftyphoid and paratyphoid were highest in children aged 0-4 years（1.70/100 000 and 0.80/100 000）. Guizhou,Yunnan,Guangxi,Guangdong,Zhejiang,Hunan and Xinjiang were the top seven provinces with high incidences of typhoid andparatyphoid. The case number in areas not covered by surveillance network increased.Conclusion At national level,theannual incidence rate of typhoid and paratyphoid declined. However the incidence rate in young people,especially in thoseaged 10 years,remained high. Salmonella typhi was the predominant pathogen. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance inareas which are not covered by surveillance network.

关 键 词：伤寒 副伤寒 描述流行病学 

分 类 号：R516.3[医药卫生—内科学]