1964-2016年广东省中山市6种疫苗可预防疾病流行趋势分析  

Analysis on incidence trends of six vaccine preventable diseases in Zhongshan,Guangdong,1964-2016

作　　者：陈秀云[1] 王曼[1] Chen Xiuyun;Wang Man.(Zhongshan Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong, Chin)

机构地区：[1]广东省中山市疾病预防控制中心,广东中山528403

出　　处：《疾病监测》2018年第5期433-437,共5页Disease Surveillance

摘　　要：目的分析广东省中山市1964-2016年麻疹、百日咳、白喉、脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)、流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)、流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)6种疫苗可预防疾病流行趋势。方法采用描述流行病学的方法分析不同阶段6种疫苗可预防疾病变化趋势。结果 1964-2016年,广东省中山市累计报告麻疹、百日咳、白喉、脊灰、流脑、乙脑发病166 229例,死亡532例,年平均发病率为208.99/10万,年平均死亡率为0.67/10万。突击预防接种阶段麻疹年平均发病率比疫苗使用前阶段下降了27.43%。计划免疫阶段麻疹、百日咳、白喉、脊灰年平均发病率比突击预防接种阶段分别下降了88.96%、95.66%、99.48%和97.76%。扩大免疫规划阶段麻疹年平均发病率比计划免疫阶段下降了87.73%,麻疹发病率在2004-2008年大幅回升;自1989年以来,除1997年和2015年分别报告1例百日咳病例外,其余年份均无病例报告;自1992年以来连续25年无白喉病例报告;自1991年以来连续26年无脊灰病例报告。疫苗使用阶段流脑、乙脑年平均发病率比疫苗使用前阶段分别下降了99.61%和97.51%,扩大免疫规划阶段流脑、乙脑年平均发病率比疫苗使用阶段分别下降了81.82%和95.16%。结论广东省中山市6种疫苗可预防疾病比实施计划免疫前均出现大幅度的下降,疫苗免疫规划对控制传染病成效显著。Objective To analyze the incidence trends of six vaccine preventable diseases,i. e. measles,pertussis,diphtheria,poliomyelitis,meningococcal meningitis and Japanese encephalitis,in Zhongshan,Guangdong province from 1964 to 2016.Methods Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the incidence trends of the six vaccine preventablediseases during this period.Results A total of 166 229 cases of measles,pertussis,diphtheria,poliomyelitis,meningococcalmeningitis and Japanese encephalitis,including 532 deaths,were reported in Zhongshan from 1964 to 2016. The average annualmorbidity rate was 208.99/100 000,and the average annual mortality rate was 0.67/100 000. Compared with pre-vaccinationera,the average annual incidence rate of measles decreased by 27.43% in vaccination activity stage. Compared with thevaccination activity stage,the average annual morbidity rates of measles,pertussis,diphtheria and poliomyelitis decreased by88.96%,95.66%,99.48% and 97.76% in planed immunization stage,respectively. Compared with planed immunization stage,the average annual morbidity rate of measles decreased by 87.73% in expanded program on immunization（EPI）stage. Theincidence of measles increased significantly again during 2004-2008. Except one pertussis case reported in 1997 and 2015 respectively,no pertussis case has been reported since 1989. No case of diphtheria has been reported for 25 consecutive yearssince 1992. No case of poliomyelitis has been reported for 26 consecutive years since 1991. Compared with pre-vaccination era,the average annual morbidity rates of meningococcal meningitis and Japanese encephalitis decreased by 99.61% and 97.51%respectively in vaccination era. The average annual morbidity rates of meningococcal meningitis and Japanese encephalitisfurther decreased by 81.82% and 95.16% in EPI stage,respectively.Conclusion The incidences of the 6 vaccine preventablediseases in Zhongshan showed obvious declining trends after the implementation of planned immunization program. Vaccineimmunization program is

关 键 词：疫苗可预防疾病 流行趋势 计划免疫 扩大免疫规划 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]