植物品种DNA指纹鉴定原理及其鉴定方案  

Principle and Strategy of DNA Fingerprint Identification of Plant Variety

作　　者：王凤格[1] 田红丽[1] 易红梅[1] 赵涵[2] 霍永学 匡猛[4] 张力科[5] 吕远大[2] 丁曼卿 赵久然[1] Wang Fengge;Tian Hongli;Yi Hongmei;Zhao Han;Huo Yongxue;Kuang Meng;Zhang Like;Lv Yuanda;Ding Manqing;Zhao Jiuran(Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beij ing, 100097;Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanj ing, 210014;Beij ing TodaySo ft Inc., Beij ing, 100083;Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000;National Agricultural Technical Extension and Service Center, Beijing, 100125)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心、玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室,北京100097 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业生物技术研究所,南京210014 [3]北京华生恒业科技有限公司,北京100083 [4]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,安阳455000 [5]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2018年第14期4756-4766,共11页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0102001); 国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD02B02); 北京市农林科学院院级科技创新团队建设项目(JNKYT201603)共同资助

摘　　要：植物品种鉴定对保证种子质量及粮食安全具有重要意义。DNA指纹技术在植物品种鉴定中具有独特的优势,DNA指纹鉴定已从间接证据转变为主流方法。本研究总结提炼出品种DNA指纹鉴定技术方案—核心位点组合法,即采用一套固定的核心位点组合来鉴别不同品种,该方案自2003年提出以来不断得到完善:一是在原有核心位点的基础上增加位点数量形成扩展位点组合,以应对派生品种涌现对品种鉴定的更高要求;二是将核心位点进一步分解为群特异位点和品种特异位点,群特异位点发挥快速准确分群的功能,品种特异位点则具有较强的品种鉴别功能;三是在借鉴二倍体作物成熟经验的基础上,进一步提出适合多倍体作物的核心位点组合,即二倍体化的单标记法和组合标记法。从未来发展趋势看,测序技术、基因编辑技术等新技术的飞速发展将大大推动DNA指纹检测方案的完善,提升其在实践中的应用效果。本研究系统阐述了品种鉴定的概念及特点,总结了品种DNA指纹鉴定的主要类型及鉴定思路,提炼了品种DNA指纹鉴定的技术方案,展望了品种DNA指纹鉴定的未来发展趋势,以期对各作物DNA指纹品种鉴定标准的研制及分子技术在DNA指纹库构建和品种鉴定中的应用发挥指导作用。Plant variety identification has profound meanings to ensure seed quality and food safety.DNA fingerprinting has its advantage in plant variety identification,and has transformed from indirect evidence into a mainstream method.A method for DNA fingerprinting called core loci combination was summarized in this study,which utilized a set of fixed core loci combination to identifydifferent varieties.Since 2003,the project has been constantly improved and expanded.The first was to form combination of expanded loci by increasing the quantity of core loci to cope with increasing demand of variety identification of derived varieties.The second was to further decompose the core loci into group specific loci which played the function of fast and accurate clustering and species specific loci which had stronger variety identification function.The third was to further propose the core loci combination of polyploidy crops based on the mature experience of diploid crop,which are diploidized single marker method and combination marker method.From the trend of future development,the rapid development of new technologies such as sequencing technology and gene editing technology will largely promote the improvement of DNA fingerprinting and improve the application effect in practice.This article has systematically elaborated the concept and characteristics of variety identification,summarized major types and identification methods of DNA fingerprinting,extracted technical methods for variety DNA fingerprinting and finally out-looked the future trend of DNA fingerprinting development.It is hoped that the study could provide guidances for the development of DNA fingerprinting standard of each crops,and the application of molecular technology in the structure and variety identification of DNA fingerprinting database.

关 键 词：植物 品种鉴定 DNA指纹 核心位点 扩展位点 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]