不同有机基质对大白菜产量、品质和重金属含量的影响  

Effects of Different Organic Substrates on Yield,Quality and Heavy Metal Content of Chinese Cabbage

作　　者：张静霞 邵泽强[2,3] 张晋京 ZHANG Jingxia;SHAO Zeqiang;ZHANG Jinjing(Changchun Science and Technology College, Changchun 130600, China;College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;Agro-tech Popularization Center of Jilin City, Jilin 132013, China)

机构地区：[1]长春科技学院,长春130600 [2]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [3]吉林市农业技术推广中心,吉林132013

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2018年第3期325-331,共7页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B02);吉林省科技发展计划项目(LFGC14301)

摘　　要：试验研究了4种配比的有机基质对大白菜产量、品质和重金属含量的影响。结果表明:与ck处理相比,不同配比的有机基质都能显著增加大白菜的产量,产量高低的顺序为T4>T3>T2>T1>ck,增产幅度为34.85%~76.92%,其中T4处理下大白菜产量最大(113.53 t/hm^2),T1处理条件下最低(86.53 t/hm^2);粗蛋白、可溶性糖、维生素C含量的高低顺序均为T4>T3>T2>T1>ck,增加幅度分别为25%~71%、10.15%~25.19%、31.66%~39.97%,硝酸盐含量的高低顺序为ck>T1>T2>T3>T4,硝酸盐含量显著降低,降低幅度为8.83%~20.37%;大白菜植株重金属Cr、Pb、Cd、As和Hg含量的高低顺序分别为T4>T2>T3>T1>ck,ck>T2>T1>T3>T4,ck>T1>T2>T3>T4,T4>T3>T2>T1>ck,T4>T3>T2>T1>ck,其中Cr、As和Hg的增加幅度分别为30%~80%、34.84%~55.20%和18.18%~72.73%,只有Pb和Cd随着有机基质的施用量增加而降低,降低幅度分别为2.29%~5.36%、16.78%~33.22%;大白菜产量与粗蛋白、可溶性糖和维生素C含量呈显著正相关(r=0.942 3*,0.995 9**,0.929 7*),与硝酸盐含量呈显著负相关(r=-0.978 0**);与铬、砷和汞的含量呈显著正相关(r=0.901 6*,0.975 5**,0.958 6*),与铅和镉含量呈显著负相关(r=-0.959 7**,-0.939 3*)。综合产量、品质和重金属含量指标来看,与其他处理相比,T4处理[V(腐熟鸡粪)∶V(草木灰)∶V(微生物菌肥)=2∶2∶2]效果最佳,能够显著提高大白菜的产量和品质,且产量与品质及重金属含量显著相关。In this study,the effects of different proportions of four organic substrates on yield,quality and heavy metal content of Chinese cabbage were studied. The results showed that： compared with the ck,the organic substrate in different proportions could significantly increase yield of Chinese cabbage,the order of yield was T4 T3 T2 T1 ck,the yield increase ranged between 34. 85% and 76. 92%,the maximum yield of Chinese Cabbage was under T4 treatment（113. 53 t/hm^2） and the yield of T1 treatment was the lowest（86. 53 t/hm^2）; The order of crude protein,soluble sugar and Vc content was T4 T3 T2 T1 ck,and the increase rates were respectively 25%-71%,10. 15%-25. 19% and 31. 66%-39. 97%; The corder of nitrate content was ckT1T2T3T4,nitrate content decreased significantly and the decrease rate ranged between 8. 83%-20. 37%;The order of Cr,Pb,Cd,As and Hg content of Chinese cabbage were respectively T4 T2 T3 T1 ck,ck T2 T1 T3 T4,ck T1 T2 T3 T4,T4 T3 T2 T1 ck and T4 T3 T2 T1 ck. The increase rates of Cr,As and Hg content were respectively 30%-80%,34. 84%-55. 20% and 18. 18%-72. 73%,only Pb and Cd content decreased with the increase of organic substrate application and the reduced amplitudes were 2. 29%-5. 36% and 16. 78%-33. 22%,respectively. Yield of Chinese cabbage was significantly positively correlated with content of crude protein,soluble sugar and vitamin C（ r = 0. 942 3＊,0. 995 9＊＊,0. 929 7＊）,and it was significantly negatively correlated with nitrate content（ r =-0. 978 0＊＊）; Yield of Chinese cabbage was significantly positively correlated with content of chromium, arsenic and mercury（ r =0. 901 6＊,0. 975 5＊＊,0. 958 6＊）,and it was significantly negatively correlated with content of Pb and Cd（ r =-0. 959 7＊＊,-0. 939 3＊）. Judging by the indicators of yield,quality and heavy metal content comprehensively,T4[V（ chicken manure） ∶ V（ Cao Muhui） ∶ V（ microbial fertilizer） =2 ∶ 2 ∶ 2] treatment has the best effect compared with other treatments designed

关 键 词：大白菜产量 品质 重金属 有机基质 

分 类 号：S634.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]