早产和足月低体重儿的神经心理发育水平  

Neuropsychological Development Level of Premature Birth and Low Birth Weight Infants

作　　者：刘佳 于杨 柳亚杰 LIU Jia;YU Yang;LIU Yajie(Pediatric Nursing in East Hospital of Oingdao Municipal Hospital,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省青岛市立医院东院区儿科护理

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2018年第8期1190-1193,共4页China Journal of Health Psychology

摘　　要：目的：探究早产儿和足月低体重儿的神经心理发育情况,分析其原因。方法：选取2014年1月至2016年1月在本院出生的160例早产儿或足月低体重儿作为观察组,选取同时期在本院出生的137例正常足月儿作为对照组。采用中国标准化儿童发展量表（child development center of China,CDCC）中的智力量表和运动量表测试新生儿出生后6个月及18个月时神经行为发育情况,采用Gesell发育诊断量表对两组新生儿出生后6个月时和出生后18个月时的发育商（Developmental quotient,DQ）进行评价。结果：对照组新生儿出生后6个月和18个月的MDI评分与观察组新生儿之间的差异存在统计学意义（t=4.979,5.866;P〈0.01）。对照组新生儿出生后6个月和18个月时PDI分与观察组之间的差异存在统计学意义（t=5.946,6.896;P〈0.01）。观察组新生儿6月时DQ、适应性、语言、社会、大运动、精细运动得分均低于对照组新生儿,两组数据间差异均具有统计学意义（t=-7.209,-11.353,-13.072,-11.808,-9.588,-10.374;P〈0.05）。观察组新生儿18月时DQ、适应性、语言、社会、大运动、精细运动得分均低于对照组新生儿,两组数据间差异均具有统计学意义（t=-8.576,-2.494,-11.255,-9.657,-8.325,-9.689;P〈0.05）。观察组新生儿出生后18个月总发育障碍92例（57.50%）,对照组新生儿出生后18个月总发育障碍27例（19.71%）,两组数据间差异均具有统计学意义（χ~2=43.896,P〈0.05）。结论：早产儿和足月低体重儿的神经心理发育情况较正常新生儿有一定欠缺。Objective：To explore the causes of neuropsychological development in premature infants and term infants with low birth weight.Methods：A total of 160 preterm infants or term low birth weight infants born in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2016 were selected as the observation group.137 normal term infants born in our hospital were selected as the control group.The mental development of newborns at 6 months and 18 months of birth was measured by the intelligence scale and exercise scale in the Chinese Standardized Child Development Scale.The Gesell Developmental Diagnostic Scale was used at6 months and 18 months after birth to evaluate the development.Results：The difference in the scores of MDI after 6 months and 18 months after birth between two groups were statistically significant（t=4.979,5.866;P〈0.01）.The levels of PDI at 6 and 18 months after birth in the control group were significant different with those in the observation group（t=5.946,6.896;P〈0.01）.In the observation group,the scores of DQ,adaptability,language,society,big movement and fine movement were significantly lower than those in the control group（t=-7.209,-11.353,-13.072,-11.808,-9.588,-10.374;P〈0.05）.The scores of DQ,adaptability,language,society,big movement and fine movement were lower than those in the control group（t=-8.576,-2.494,-11.255,-9.657,-8.325,-9.689;P〈0.05）.In the observation group,there were 92 cases（57.150%）of the total developmental disorder in the 18 months after birth,compared with 27 cases（19.71%）in the control group（χ~2=43.896,P〈0.05）.Conclusion：Premature infants and full-term low birth weight children＇s neuropsychological development is poorer than normal neonatal.

关 键 词：早产儿 足月低体重儿 神经行为发育 Gesell发育诊断量表 

分 类 号：R395.9[哲学宗教—心理学]