秸秆还田和耕作深度对稻田耕层土壤的影响  

Effects of straw-returning and tillage depth on soil properties in plough layer of paddy soil

作　　者：胡心意 傅庆林[2] 刘琛[2] 丁能飞[2] 林义成[2] HU Xinyi;FU Qinglin;LIU Chen;DING Nengfei;LIN Yicheng(School of Environment ＆ Resource Sciences,Zhejiang A＆F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Institute of Environment,Resource,Soil and Fertilizer,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州311300 [2]浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江杭州310021

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2018年第7期1202-1210,共9页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503118-12);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07101-012-1)

摘　　要：为了解耕作深度与秸秆还田对稻田耕层土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构的影响,2016年同时在兰溪和金华两地开展油菜秸秆还田与不同耕作深度的稻作田间试验,探讨浅耕(耕深10~12 cm)无秸秆还田、浅耕油菜秸秆还田、深耕(耕深18~20 cm)无秸秆还田和深耕油菜秸秆还田等4个处理对土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性和土壤磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)组成及土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田能增加土壤碱解氮和有效磷等含量,但耕深和秸秆还田对土壤pH、速效钾和有机质含量均无显著影响。秸秆还田可提高稻谷产量,而耕深对稻谷产量无明显影响。与浅耕无秸秆相比,深耕或秸秆还田可提高耕层土壤磷酸酶和β-葡糖苷酶的活性,但对生物多样性香农(Shannon)指数无显著影响。秸秆还田可提高土壤磷脂脂肪酸总含量、细菌PLFA含量和真菌PLFA含量,而增加耕深会降低土壤真菌PLFA含量。秸秆还田结合适宜的耕作深度可有效提高稻田土壤养分、酶活性和微生物生物量,改善土壤肥力,进而提高水稻产量。To investigate the effects of different tillage and straw management on soil nutrients, enzyme activities and microbial community structure, a field experiment was conducted at two experimental stations in Lanxi and Jinhua in 2016.The experiment consisted of four treatments with three replicates arranged in a completely randomized design： shallow tillage （tillage depth 10 12 cm） without straw, shallow tillage with straw incorporation,deep tillage （tillage depth 18 20 cm） without straw and deep tillage with straw incorporation. Soil nutrients, enzyme activities, phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） content and microbial community composition were determined. It was shown that addition of straw in topsoil increased the contents of soil alkali-nitrogen and Olsen phosphorus, but there were no significant differences in pH, available potassium and organic matter contents among treatments. Straw incorporation at the same tillage depth increased rice grain yield, but tillage depth with the same straw management had no significant effect on rice grain yield. Increasing tillage depth or addition of straw in topsoil increased the activities of soil acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase. There were no significant differences on Shannon index among treatments. Straw incorporation at the same tillage depth increased total PLFA, bacterial PLFA and fungal PLFA, but deep tillage with the same straw incorporation decreased fungal PLFA. Straw incorporation with proper tillage depth was an effective management measure to increase soil nutrients, soil enzyme activities, contents of soil microbes, and consequently grain yield.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 耕作深度 土壤酶 磷脂脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] S154[农业科学—农业基础科学]