机构地区:[1]河南省职业病防治研究院办公室,郑州450052 [2]河南省职业病防治研究院劳动卫生科,郑州450052
出 处:《中华预防医学杂志》2018年第7期715-721,共7页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
基 金:河南省医学科技攻关计划(201001009);河南省卫生科技创新型人才工程基金(3022)
摘 要:目的 比较火车司机1996与2012年职业紧张程度的变化。方法 采用整群抽样方法,分别于1996年4月和2012年3月对某铁路局1 116名和1 002名火车客车司机和火车货车司机进行横断面调查。采用《职业紧张测量工具》对其职业紧张因素、职业紧张结局、个性特征因素、缓解因素和个体因素进行调查。采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析的方法分析职业紧张因素、社会支持、自尊感和个体统计学特征对职业紧张的影响。结果 1996、2012年的客车司机年龄分别为(34.90±10.63)、(36.12±8.76)岁(t=1.64,P=0.102);货车司机分别为(36.72±8.51)、(36.76±10.01)岁(t=0.10,P=0.921),差异均没有统计学意义。2012年客车司机角色模糊评分(17.67±5.30)比1996年(14.11±4.66)增加了25.23%;心理负荷和物理环境评分分别减少了36.10%和48.64%[2012年比1996年分别为(10.41±3.56)比(16.29±2.08)分、(3.61±2.18)比(7.03±1.65)分,P〈0.001];睡眠障碍和负性情感评分比1996年分别增加了33.14%和28.97%[2012年比1996年分别为(18.04±9.20)比(13.35±4.00)分、(2.76±1.86)比(2.14±1.86)分,P〈0.001]。2012年货车司机睡眠障碍和负性情绪评分分别增加了57.75%和60.03%[2012年比1996年分别为(20.33±8.17)比(12.47±4.12)分、(2.95±1.70)比(1.87±1.81)分,P〈0.001]。货车司机职业紧张相关因素评分的变化程度总体上大于客车司机。与工作满意感得分超过均值的对象相比,1996年客车司机工作不满意感的相关因素主要为上级支持不足(OR=3.77,95%CI:2.23~6.37);2012年主要为社会支持不足、物理环境不良和正性情绪少[OR(95%CI)分别为3.35(1.56~7.17)、3.61(1.91~6.80)、3.47(1.75~6.82)]。1996年和2012年货车司机工作不满意感的相关因素均为上级支持不足[OR(95%CI)分别为3.11(2.31~4.19)、2.59(1.84~3.65)]。结论 2012Objective To analyze the change of level of occupational stress between 1996 and 2012 among train engine drivers.Methods the cross-section investigation was conducted by using cluster sampling method, subjects included 1 116 and 1 002 passenger train engine drivers and freight train engine drivers respectively in 1996 and in 2012;occupational stressors, strains, personalities, buffering factors and individual factors were investigated by using Occupational Stress Instruments. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the associations between job stressors, personalities, buffering factors and individual factors and strains. Multivariate OR(95%CI) were derived from the logistic regression models.Results From 1996 to 2012, for the passenger train engine drivers the scores of role ambiguity (17.67±5.30 vs.14.11±4.66) increased 25.32%, mental load (10.41±3.56 vs. 16.29±2.08) and physical environment (3.61±2.18 vs. 7.03±1.65) scores decreased 36.10% and 48.64% respectively, sleep disorders (18.04±9.20 vs. 13.35±4.00) and negative affectivity (2.76±1.86 vs. 2.14±1.86) scores increased 33.14% and 28.97% respectively, the differences were statistical significant (P〈0.001) . For the freight train engine drivers the scores of sleep disorders (20.33±8.17 vs. 12.47±4.12) and negative affectivity (2.95±1.70 vs. 1.87±1.81) scores increased 57.75% and 60.03% respectively, positive affectivity (2.17±1.60 vs. 2.91±1.50) score decreased 25.43%, the differences were statistical significant (P〈0.001) . In general, scores varies in factors related to occupational stress among freight train engine drivers were larger than those among passenger train engine drivers. The risk factor of job dissatisfaction among passenger train drivers in 1996 was insufficient superior support (OR=3.77, 95%CI: 2.23-6.37) , the risk factors in 2012 were insufficient superior support (OR=3.35, 95%CI:1.56-7.17) , poor physical environment (OR=3.61, 9
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