摇臂喷头低压掺气情况下田间组合喷灌试验研究  

Field combination experiment on impact sprinklers with aerating jet at low working pressure

作　　者：许正典 向清江[1] AHMED Q W 刘俊[1] XU Zhengdian;XIANG Qingjiang;AHMED Q W;LIU Jun(National Research Center of Pumps,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学国家水泵及系统工程技术研究中心,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2018年第9期841-845,共5页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51379090);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX17-0571)

摘　　要：为了对比掺气喷头与摇臂喷头对灌水均匀性改善的效果,采用田间组合喷灌试验的方法对比了两类喷头在较低工作压力时的性能.采用平均喷灌强度和喷灌均匀系数为主要评价指标,其中对于喷灌均匀系数主要讨论了工作压力和组合间距的影响.试验结果表明:掺气喷头和摇臂喷头的平均喷灌强度理论值与试验值差异在5%左右,说明低压、微风环境下试验的蒸发漂移损失小.在组合喷灌间距均为1.0R时,掺气方法提高喷灌均匀系数,使均匀系数达到并超过标准中规定的75%的要求.在1.0R,1.1R,1.2R这3种组合间距情况下,掺气喷头的喷灌均匀系数均高于同型号摇臂喷头2.2%~5.8%.In order to examine effects of irrigation uniformity improvement between aeration sprinkler and impact sprinkler, the pefformances of two kinds of sprinklers were compared by field combination experiment when the sprinklers were working at low pressure. An aeration sprinkler was designed based on the structure of existing impact sprinklers by involving an air - liquid two phase jet. The combina- tion sprinkler irrigation was evaluated by using average sprinkler irrigation intensity （including mea- sured and theoretical values） and Christiansen uniformity coefficient. Particularly, effects of working pressure and sprinkler combination space on Cu were discussed. The experimental data show that the difference in average sprinkler irrigation intensity between theory and measurement is less than around 5% for both the types of sprinkler. It means that the wind evaporation and drift loss is small under the low pressure and breeze wind condition, and the performances of two types of sprinklers are comparable under this condition. When the sprinkler combination space is equal to one jet range, the experimental irrigation uniformity coefficient is increased in the aeration sprinkler, especially, the coefficient has reached and exceeded 75% that is specified in a national technical standard of China. When the combination spaces are 1. 0, 1.1 and 1.2 times the jet range, respectively, the experimental irrigation uniformity coefficient of the aeration sprinkler is better by 2.2% -5.8% than the impact sprinkler in the same model size.

关 键 词：掺气喷头 喷灌均匀系数 平均喷灌强度 组合间距 组合喷灌 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]