基于土壤基质势的灌溉预报及自动控制系统设计  

Design of irrigation forecast and automatic control system based on soil matric potential

作　　者：张友良 冯绍元[1,2] 王凤新 ZHANG Youliang;FENG ShaoYuan;WANG Fengxin(School of Hydraulic Energy and Power Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;Center for Agricul tural Water Research in China,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学水利与能源动力工程学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2018年第9期851-856,共6页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(2011AA100502);水利部公益性行业科研专项基金项目(201501017)

摘　　要：为了使灌溉预报及自动控制系统简单、投资成本低且便于推广应用,设计了一套基于土壤基质势的灌溉预报及自动控制系统.通过利用电接点压力表测量负压计中的压力,设定不同作物、不同生育期、不同灌水方式的灌水下限和上限.当土壤基质势达到灌水上下限时,通过电接点压力表和自动控制电路,实现灌溉预报和自动控制.灌水过程中,通过单片机、远传水表和液晶显示屏,可以实现灌水时间、灌水量和灌水次数的记录与存储.经室内试验验证表明基于土壤基质势的灌溉预报及自动控制系统合理可行,对于粉砂壤土可以将灌水上限的土壤基质势设置为-8 k Pa左右.An irrigation forecast and automatic control system was designed based on soil matric potential to make the system simple, cheap and widely applicable. By using pressure gauge with electric contact to measure the pressure of tensiometer, the irrigation upper and lower limits can be easily set with the knob on the pressure gauge for different crops, growth stages, and irrigation methods based on the soil matric potential. When the soil matric potential reaches the upper and lower limits, the auto- matic irrigation can be achieved with the pressure gauge and automatic control circuit. The irrigation duration, amount, and fi＇equency can be recorded and stored with single chip microcomputer and displayed by remote -transmitting water meter and liquid crystal display during irrigation. The laboratory test show that this irrigation forecast and automatic control system is reliable and feasible. Moreover, based on the soil matric potential, the irrigation upper limit is approximately equal to -8 kPa for silt loam soil.

关 键 词：土壤基质势 灌溉预报 灌溉自动控制 灌水信息 电接点压力表 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]