保水剂与氮磷肥配施对雨养玉米生长的影响  

Effects of super absorbent polymer and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers on growth of rain-fed maize

作　　者：王瑜 魏琛琛 杨培岭[1] 廖人宽[2] 魏榕 杨凤茹 WANG Yu;WEI Chenchen;YANG Peiling;LIAO Renkuan;WEI Rong;YANG Fengru(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;China Institute of Water and Civil Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2018年第9期903-908,共6页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51379210)

摘　　要：在旱地农业中,为了能够实现增产的同时提高水肥利用效率以及缓解面源污染,以夏玉米为研究对象,采用正交试验设计,研究土壤保水剂(SAP)与氮磷肥配施下大田不同深度土壤的肥力水平及玉米生长和养分利用效率,探寻产量最优的保水剂与氮磷肥配施应用模式.结果表明:3种因素对不同深度土壤的肥力水平及玉米生长和养分利用效率的影响效应不一致,SAP主要影响土壤水氮和作物养分,氮磷肥主要影响土壤养分和作物生物量;在本试验条件下,当SAP 45 kg/hm^2和氮肥120 kg/hm^2配施再结合钾肥120 kg/hm^2时,获得最大玉米产量1.27 kg/m2,相较于未施加SAP和氮磷钾肥的对照组,产量可以提高8%,同时达到最大氮肥偏生产力105.83 kg/kg.In order to improve water and fertilizer use efficiencies while crop yield is kept increasing and to slow down surface pollution in dry land fainting, a field study was conducted by orthogonal design of experiment to clarify effects of super absorbent polymer （SAP） and nitrogen - phosphorus fertilizers （NPF） on fertility levels at different depths of soil, maize growth and nutrient use efficiency of rain-fed maize in the field. SAP and NPF application modes were sought for the optimal maize yield. The results show that the effects of thine factors on fertility at different depths of soil, maize growth and nutrient use efficiency are inconsistent. SAP mainly affects soil fertility and crop nutrients, but NPF mainly influences soil nutrients and crop biomass. Under the conditions of this experiment, the maximum maize yield of 1.27 kg/m2 appears when SAP is in 45 kg/hm2 dose, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are in 120 kg/hm2 and 120 kg/hm2 doses, respectively. The maximum inclement in maize yield is 8% compared with the treatment without SAP and NPF, while the nitrogen fertilizer has achieved the maximum partial factor productivity of 105.83 kg/kg.

关 键 词：保水剂 氮磷肥配施 土壤肥力水平 玉米产量 养分利用效率 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S154.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]