调亏模式下灌水定额对夏玉米生长及产量的影响  

Effects of irrigating water quotas on growth and grain yield of summer maize under deficit irrigation

作　　者：邱新强 王艳平 和刚 秦海霞 张玉顺 路振广 QIU Xinqiang;WANG Yanping;HE Gang;QIN Haixia;ZHANG Yushun;LU Zhenguang(Henan Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute,Zhengzhou,Henan 450003,China;Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research of Henan Province,Zhengzhou,Henan 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南酋水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]河南省节水灌溉工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2018年第8期673-678,共6页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：河南省水利科技攻关计划项目(GG201509,GG201602);河南省基本科研业务费项目

摘　　要：为寻求合理的夏玉米调亏灌溉控制指标,通过防雨棚下测坑试验,对比分析不同灌水控制下限和灌水定额组合下夏玉米生长发育、耗水及产量形成的差异.结果表明:夏玉米生育前期的叶面积指数LAI值随灌水定额增大呈上升变化,重旱条件下其LAI和株高均较低,受轻旱后及时复水仍可保证正常株高;夏玉米的总耗水量和籽粒产量随干旱程度加剧呈下降趋势,灌水定额变化对二者影响明显,但无趋势性变化;灌水定额为75,90,105 mm处理的水分利用效率WUE普遍较高,同一灌水定额下中旱处理的WUE均高于轻旱处理.结合生产实际,以高产兼顾高水分生产率为目标,推荐拔节前60 mm、拔节后75 mm为节水高效的灌水定额,苗期45%田间持水量FC、拔节期50%~55%FC、抽雄期60%FC、灌浆期50%FC为合理灌溉控制下限标准.In order to seek the reasonable water-saving and high efficiency irrigation indexes of summer maize, lysimeter experiments were imposed to study the variation of two agronomic characters, grain yield and water use efficiency（WUE）under four irrigating water quotas and two soil water deficits. The results show that the leaf area index（LAI）of the early stage of summer maize is increasing with the increase of irrigating water quotas, and the normal plant height can still be guaranteed by timely rewatering after light drought. The water consumption and grain yield decrease with the increase of drought severity, but there is no trend change with the increase or decrease of irrigating water quotas. The WUE is generally higher under irrigating water quota 75, 90 and 105 mm, invariably light drought treatments can attain higher WUE under the same irrigating water quotas. In combination with actual production, with the goal of high yield and high moisture productivity, It is recommended that irrigating water quota 60 mm before jointing and 75 mm after jointing as reasonable water-saving irrigating water quotas, 45% field capacity（FC）at the seedling stage, 50%-55% FC at the jointing stage, 60% FC at the tasseling stage, and 50%FC during the grain filling period as reasonable lower limit of irrigation control.

关 键 词：夏玉米 灌水控制下限 灌水定额 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]