静压气体径向与半球轴承混合支撑轴系设计及静特性研究  

Design of Hybrid Support Shaft of Hydrostatic Gas Radial and Hemispherical Bearings and Its Static Characteristics Research

作　　者：李树森[1] 周梓健 潘春阳[1] LI Shusen;ZHOU Zijian;PAN Chunyang(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin Heilongjiang 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学机电工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《润滑与密封》2018年第7期102-106,共5页Lubrication Engineering

基　　金：哈尔滨市科技创新人才研究专项资金项目(优秀学科带头人)(2016RAXXJ029);黑龙江省高等教育教学改革研究项目(SJGY20170118)

摘　　要：针对精密机床主轴结构采用前后2个静压气体径向轴承时存在的安装精度难以保证,且不能自动调心的问题,设计一种新型气浮主轴结构,该气浮主轴前端支撑采用静压气体半球轴承,后端支撑采用静压气体径向轴承。基于最大承载和刚度原则对静压气体径向和半球轴承进行结构设计与优化;利用Fluent软件对径向轴承与半球轴承分别进行气膜流场特性分析,得到径向轴承和半球轴承在不同偏心率以及不同转速情况下的承载特性。结果表明:径向轴承与球轴承的承载力均随着偏心率以及供气压力的增大而逐渐增大,刚度随着供气压力的增大而增大,随着偏心率的增大逐渐减小。设计的主轴在供气压力为0.5 MPa、偏心率为0.5时,承载力和静刚度均可以满足精密加工的要求。Aimed at the shortcoming of the precision machine tool spindle composed of two static gas radial bearings,shch that the installation accuracy is difficult to guarantee and it can not realize self-aligning,a new gas bearing spindle supported by hydrostatic gas radial and hemispherical bearings was designed. Based on the maximum load and stiffness principle,the structure of the static pressure gas radial and hemispherical bearings was designed and optimized. The flow field characteristics of radial bearing and hemispherical bearing were analyzed by Fluent software to obtain the bearing characteristics of radial and hemispherical bearings under different eccentricity and speed. The results show that the bearing capacity of radial bearing and ball bearing is increased with the increase of eccentricity and gas pressure,and the stiffness is increased with the increase of gas supply pressure,but decreased with the increase of eccentricity. When the gas supply pressure is 0. 5 MPa and the eccentricity is 0. 5,the bearing capacity and static stiffness of the spindle can meet the requirements of precision machining.

关 键 词：静压气体径向轴承 静压气体半球轴承 参数优化 承载特性 

分 类 号：TH133.36[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]