新“里昂惕夫之谜”:贸易失衡的超边际分析——兼论中美贸易摩擦的理论根源与演变趋势  

The New "Leontief Paradox" : An Inframarginal Analysis of Trade Imbalance—— On the Theoretical Origins and Evolutionary Trend of Sino-US Trade Frictions

作　　者：华民[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学世界经济研究所

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2018年第6期4-12,27,共10页Exploration and Free Views

摘　　要：贸易失衡是贸易和经济增长的动力,刻意追求贸易平衡对于贸易和经济增长都会带来消极的影响。导致当前世界贸易摩擦加剧的主要原因在于,贸易不够公平且产生了很多外部性问题。面对不断加剧的贸易摩擦,与其选择贸易平衡,不如选择贸易公平,并通过合适的公共经济政策来解决贸易产生的外部性问题。美国无疑是当今世界上最大的贸易逆差国,但它成为世界上最大的贸易逆差国的原因与过度消费无关,而是与全球产业链分工体系下的超边际分工有关。全球产业链分工造成了国际贸易的端点解,使得美国成为一个超资本要素密集工序的国际分工参与者。其后果是,美国既是世界上最大的资本项顺差国,又是世界上最大的经常项逆差国。面对不断加剧的中美贸易摩擦,中国最优的应对是贸易自由化,现实的选择是帕累托改进,合适的方法是调整最优关税,强化知识产权保护,最终的途径是通过深化国内体制改革,从帕累托改进渐趋帕累托最优。The trade imbalance is the impetus of trade and economic growth,deliberately pursuing trade balance will bring negative effect in the economic growth.In the face of rising trade frictions,we choose trade fair other than trade balance and apply appropriate public economic policy to solve trade externalities.The United States is the world's largest trade deficit country just because of the marginal division of labor in the global industrial chain.Global industrial chain division of labor caused the end point solution of international trade,making the United States a super capital intensive participants of the international division of labor.As a result,the United States become the world's largest capital surplus country and the world's largest deficit country.China has no ability and no necessary to carry out a trade war with the United States now.The optimal response is to promote trade liberalization,the realistic choice should be a pareto improvement.The suitable method is to adjust the optimal tariff,strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights,and ultimately approaching the pareto optimalitygradually by deepening the reform of internal system.

关 键 词：贸易失衡 贸易摩擦 贸易公平 超边际分工 新“里昂惕夫之谜” 帕累托改进 贸易自由化 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易] F757.12[经济管理—产业经济]