广西秋季层状云微物理特征分析  

Microphysical Characteristics of Stratiform Clouds in Autumn in Guangxi

作　　者：张正国[1,2] 卢广献 汤达章 韦增岸[1,2] Zhang Zhengguo;Lu Guangxian;Tang Dazhang;Wei Zengan(Weather Modification Office of Guangxi,Nanning 530022;Weather Modification Center of China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081;Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics of China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081;Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区人工影响天气办公室,南宁530022 [2]中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室,北京100081 [3]中国气象局人工影响天气中心,北京100081 [4]南京信息工程大学大气科学学院,南京210044

出　　处：《气象科技》2018年第3期545-555,共11页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：广西区气象局气象科研计划项目(桂气科2016M05);中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室开放课题(2017Z01612)共同资助

摘　　要：利用2012年11—12月在广西进行的11架次飞机云物理探测资料对层状云宏微观物理结构特征进行研究,探讨层状云降水机制。结果表明:广西层状云微物理特征与我国其他地区的存在显著差异。层状云典型的微物理垂直结构为在云下层是由凝结作用生成云滴,随上升气流发展,云滴数浓度、平均直径和液态水含量随高度逐步增加,云滴谱拓宽,谱型向大尺度的方向扩展,至云中上层增大至最大值后随高度减小。冷暖混合云结构的高层云冷云部分的冰相粒子落入暖层后对其微物理结构产生影响,主要是使云滴谱展宽,CIP云滴平均直径垂直分布变幅增大,有利于暖层中碰并过程的启动和发展。层积云微物理水平分布呈现不连续跳跃式变化特征,存在对流泡结构,对流泡内各微物理量高于泡外,云滴谱型向大尺度移动,对流泡结构是层积云形成降水的重要机制。Based on the cloud physical probe data of 11 aircrafts carried out in Guangxi in November and December2012,the macro and micro physical structure characteristics of stratiform clouds are studied and the precipitation mechanism of stratiform clouds is discussed.The main results show that the microphysical characteristics of stratiform clouds in Guangxi are significantly different from those in other parts of China.The typical vertical microphysical structure of stratiform clouds is：droplets are generated by condensation in the lower layer and develop with the updraft;the number concentration and average diameters of cloud droplets and liquid water content gradually increased with height;the droplet spectrum broadened,and the spectral pattern extended to large scale;they increased to a maximum value at the upper level of the clouds and decreased with height subsequently.The ice particles in the layer of altostratus with a cloud structure of cool and warm mixed affected the microphysical structure after falling into the warm layer,mainly broadening the droplet spectrum and increasing the CIP vertical distribution amplitude of droplet diameters,which was conducive to the initiation and development of the collisioncoalescence process in the warm layer.The microphysical horizontal distribution of the stratocumulus showed discontinuous jump variation and there was the convection bubble structure.The microphysical quantities within the convection bubble were higher than those outside the bubble;cloud droplet spectral pattern varied toward large scale;the convection bubble structure was the important mechanism for the formation of stratocumulus precipitation.

关 键 词：云微物理特征 云滴数浓度 液态水含量 云滴谱 

分 类 号：P486.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]